Factor Structure of the Children's Depression Inventory in a Multisite Sample of Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain |
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| Authors: | Deirdre E. Logan Robyn Lewis Claar Jessica W. Guite Susmita Kashikar-Zuck Anne Lynch-Jordan Tonya M. Palermo Anna C. Wilson Chuan Zhou |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Children''s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;3. Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;4. Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington;5. Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the factor structure of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) among children and adolescents with chronic pain using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a large, multisite sample of treatment-seeking youth. Participants included 1,043 children and adolescents (ages 8–18) with a range of chronic pain complaints who presented for initial evaluation at 1 of 3 tertiary care pediatric chronic pain clinics across the United States. They completed the CDI and reported on pain intensity and functional disability. Factor analysis was conducted using a 2-step (exploratory and confirmatory) approach. Results supported a 5-factor model for the CDI with good fit to the data. The distribution and item-total correlations of the somatic items (eg, pain complaints, fatigue) were explored in this sample. Results indicate that the CDI is a useful tool for assessing depressive symptoms in youth with chronic pain, but some caution is warranted in interpreting the clinical significance of scores in light of the overlap of specific symptoms common to both pain and depression.PerspectiveThe CDI can be considered a valid tool for assessing mood symptoms in children with chronic pain. Caution is encouraged when interpreting the clinical significance of scores due to symptom overlap between chronic pain and depression. |
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