Validity and Reliability of Tools to Measure Muscle Mass,Strength, and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review |
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| Authors: | Donja M Mijnarends Judith MM Meijers Ruud JG Halfens Sovianne ter Borg Yvette C Luiking Sjors Verlaan Daniela Schoberer Alfonso J Cruz Jentoft Luc JC van Loon Jos MGA Schols |
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| Institution: | 1. School CAPHRI, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria;4. Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain;5. School NUTRIM, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;6. School CAPHRI, Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThis study critically appraises the measurement properties of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people. This can support the selection of a valid and reliable set of tools that is feasible for future screening and identification of sarcopenia.MethodsThe databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane were systematically searched (January 11, 2012). Studies were included if they investigated the measurement properties or feasibility, or both, of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people aged ≥60 years. The consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used for quality appraisal of the studies.ResultsSixty-two publications were deemed eligible, including tools for muscle mass (n = 16), muscle strength (n = 15), and physical performance (n = 31). Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and a 4-compartment model were used as gold standards for muscle mass assessment. Other frequently used measures of muscle mass are dual-energy x-ray and the bioelectrical impedance (BIA); however, reliability data of the BIA are lacking. Handheld dynamometry and gait speed or a short physical performance battery provide a valid and reliable measurement of muscle strength and physical performance, respectively.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that several tools are available for valid and reliable measurements of muscle mass, strength, and performance in clinical settings. For a home-setting BIA, handheld dynamometry and gait speed or a short physical performance battery are the most valid, reliable, and feasible. The combination of selected instruments and its use for the screening and identification of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people need further evaluation. |
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