异性性接触途径传播HIV的风险及相关因素研究

目的：了解经异性性接触途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/获得性免疫缺乏综合征(AIDS)的患者作为艾滋病传染源传播HIV情况，为艾滋病防治决策提供依据。方法：对250名HIV阳性人员进行问卷调查，了解其社会人口学特征、异性性行为等有关情况，同时溯源调查与其性行为密切接触的易感人群，检测、了解其艾滋病感染情况，计算续发率和增长率。采用病例对照分析方法探讨传染源继续传播HIV的相关因素。结果：250名传染源的431名易感接触者有59人HIV阳性，续发率为13.7%(59/431)，增长率为23.6%(59/250)。传染源继续传播HIV的相关因素为：艾滋病防治知识知晓情况、知晓感染后心理反映、与配偶/固定性伴安全套使用情况、与非固定性伴安全套使用情况。结论：HIV 异性性接触者的续发率和增长率较高；加强艾滋病防治知识宣传，对传染源及时提供心理和医学服务，促进安全套使用可以降低高危行为和控制HIV的进一步传播。

Study on the risk of HIV transmission by heterosexual contact and the correlation factors

Objective: To understand the associated factors on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via heterosexual contact and to provide evidence for decision-maker for prevention of HIV. Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted in 250 HIV-positive persons to understand their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Meanwhile, 431 persons who had heterosexual contact with the HIV carriers were traced to their HIV infection status. The factors associated with continued HIV transmission were reviewed by case-control analysis. Results: Among the 432 persons, 59 were HIV-positive because of heterosexual contact. The secondary attack rate and the growth rate was 13.7% (59/431) and 0.236 (59/250), respectively. The factors associated with the spread of HIV included: the degree of knowledge on HIV/AIDS, psychological reflection after infection, the condition for condom usage among spouses, and regular sexual partners or non regular sexual partners. Conclusion: The secondary attack rate and the growth rate of HIV transmission by heterosexual contact are high. Improvement of the knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention and control, enhancement of psychological education and promotion of condom usage can reduce the risk for continued HIV transmission.