自我认知评估对羞耻认知调节策略选择的影响

目的:考察自我指向和他人指向的自我负性认知评估类型对个体选择特定羞耻情绪认知调节策略的影响。方法:采用情境故事法操纵两种能激发羞耻的负性自我认知评估以诱发个体羞耻情绪,比较两种条件下个体在认知情绪调节策略选择上的差异。结果:①自我指向的自我负性认知评估仅和能维持/扩大羞耻严重程度的消极认知策略有关,而他人指向的自我负性认知评估既和上述消极认知策略有关,又和防御型及修复型策略的选用有关。②自我指向的负性认知评估是羞耻体验中的主要负性认知评估类型,而他人指向的自我负性认知评估常伴随前者出现,并可加剧其强度。结论:自我负性认知评估类型对个体认知调节策略的选择有一定影响,但这一影响的表现是复杂的。

Selection of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategy on Shame: Impact of Self Appraisals

Objective: This research aimed to examine whether and how two types of negative self-appraisal,i.e.self-oriented and others-oriented self-appraisals affected the selection of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies in shameful situations.Methods: A shame scenario of personal academic failure was used to manipulate negative self-appraisals and to elicit shame emotion.The participants were then asked to rate the usage of specific cognitive regulation strategies.Results: MANCOVA and partial correlation analyses revealed that,in the personal failure situation,self-oriented negative self-appraisal was related to the usage of self-blame and catastrophizing strategy which may amplify the shame feelings,while others-oriented negative self-appraisal was related to the usage of both defense-oriented strategies and restore-oriented strategies as well as the usage of rumination strategy.It was also found the self-oriented negative self-appraisal was the basic type of negative self-appraisal whereas the others-oriented negative self-appraisal often appeared together with the self-oriented type and may amplify the intensity of the self-oriented negative self-appraisal.Conclusion: Negative self-appraisal had complicated influence on the usage of cognitive regulation strategies.