小学教师职业压力与社会支持的关系研究

目的了解小学教师职业压力状况及与社会支持的关系,为缓解教师职业压力提供依据。方法采用教师职业压力问卷和社会支持量表,对山东省328名小学教师进行问卷调查并进行统计分析。结果 1小学教师的职业压力感和自我职业压力感得分为3.97±0.96/3.93±0.98;工作责任、考试考评和待遇环境压力的强度居前3位(3.80±0.78/3.72±0.94/3.71±0.89);2小学男教师的个人能力、人际关系、外部期望和工作责任压力显著高于女教师(t=4.75,P0.001;t=2.26,P0.05;t=2.77,P0.01;t=2.57,P0.05),女教师的学生因素压力显著高于男教师(t=-2.64,P0.01);3不同教龄的教师在考试考评、待遇环境、个人能力、学生因素、压力总分,角色任务、外部期望、工作责任、人际关系压力上均存在不同程度的显著性差异(F=6.78,9.50,7.22,6.11,9.02,P0.001;F=4.63,5.49,P0.01;F=2.72,3.80,P0.05),事后比较表明,教龄小于10年的教师压力最小,大于20年的教师压力最大;4小学教师获得的社会支持与职业压力总分相关不显著(r=-0.041,P0.05),与考试考评压力呈显著正相关(r=0.123,P0.05),与人际关系压力呈显著负相关(r=-0.159,P0.01)。结论小学教师承受着较大的职业压力,工作责任、考试考评和待遇环境压力最大;个人能力、人际关系、外部期望、工作责任和学生因素压力的大小受性别的影响;随着教龄的增长,教师职业压力逐渐增大;小学教师获得的社会支持越多,人际关系压力越小,但考试考评压力增大。

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Social Support of Primary School Teachers

Objective To understand the situation of occupational stress and its relationship with social support of primary teachers in order to provide the basis of alleviating pressure on teachers.Methods A total of 328 primary school teachers in Shandong Province were questioned by Teacher Occupational Stress Questionnaire and the Social Support Scale.The statistic results were carried out related analysis.Results ①The average scores of occupational stress and self occupational stress of primary teachers were 3.97±0.96/3.93±0.98.The work responsibilities,evaluation and treatment of environmental stress were the top three ranks（3.80±0.78/3.72±0.94/3.71±0.89）.②The scores of male teachers were significantly higher than those of female teachers in the personal abilities,interpersonal relationships,external expectations and work responsibilities stress（t=4.75,P0.001;t=2.26,P0.05;t=2.77,P0.01;t=2.57,P0.05）.The score of female teachers was significantly higher than that of male teachers in the student responsibility stress（t=-2.64,P0.01）.③There were significant differences between different seniority primary teachers in the scores of the examination and evaluation stress,treatment of the environment,personal competence,student factors,stress score,the role of the task,external expectations,work responsibilities,interpersonal pressures（F=6.78,9.50,7.22,6.11,9.02,P0.001;F=4.63,5.49,P0.01;F=2.72,3.80,P0.05）.post hoc test showed that the stress of teachers working less than 10 years was the least and the teachers working more than 20 years were the most stressful.④There was no significant correlation between social support of primary teachers and their occupational stress total score（r=-0.041,P0.05）.The relationship between social support and examination stress was significantly positive（r=0.123,P0.05）.The relationship between social support and interpersonal stress was significantly negative（r=-0.159,P0.01）.Conclusion The primary teachers suffered from greater occupational stress.The stress of work responsibilities,test evaluation and treatment of treatment of the environment were the biggest.The sex had effect on the stress of personal ability,interpersonal relationships,external expectations,job responsibilities and student factors.With the growth of seniority,professional stress of teachers gradually increased.As the social support primary teachers receiving was more,the interpersonal pressure was smaller and the test evaluation stress was bigger.