肾病患者心理健康状况与人格特征的调查研究

目的了解肾病患者的心理健康与人格特征状况及两者之间的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ成人版)对169位肾病住院患者进行了调查。结果 1肾病患者SCL-90总均分及各因子分都显著高于常模(t=7.397～15.288,P0.001);2男女肾病患者的精神质得分都显著高于常模(男性患者t=4.577,P0.001;女性患者t=4.494,P0.001),内外向得分与常模无显著差异(P0.05),女性患者的神经质得分显著高于常模(t=4.933,P0.001),男性患者神经质得分与常模无显著差异(P0.05);3精神质与人际关系、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及总均分存在显著的正相关(r=0.207～0.334,P0.01),内外向与躯体化、敌对和偏执存在显著地正相关(r=0.180～0.276,P0.05或P0.01),神经质与SCL-90各因子都存在显著地正相关(r=0.456～0.637,P0.01);4神经质对心理健康各维度及总均分都有明显的预测作用(P0.01),内外向对躯体化、敌对、偏执有明显的预测作用(P0.01或P0.05),精神质对强迫症状、抑郁、敌对有明显的预测作用(P0.05)。结论肾病患者心理健康总体处于较差状态,其人格特征以孤独、固执、缺乏同情心、情绪稳定性较差为主要特征,不同人格特征的患者易出现的心理问题不同。

Invetigation of Mental Health and Personality Characteristics of the Patients with Kidney Disease

Objective To explore the state of mental health and personality characteristics of the patients with kidney disease and the relationship between the two. Methods A total of 169 renal inpatients were investigated by ＂ SCL- 90 Symptom Checklist＂ and ＂Eysenck Personality Questionnaire＂ （EPQ Adult Edition）. Results ①SCL--90 total score and the factor scores of the total equalization were significantly higher than the norm （t = 7. 397-15. 288, P〈 0. 001） ②Male and female renal patients, whose psychoticism scores were significantly higher than the norm（male patients：t= 4. 577 ,P〈0. 001 ;female patients ：t= 4. 494 ,F〈0. 001 ）, but introversion-extroversion scores had no significant difference to the norm （P〉 0. 05）, Female patier＇ is＇ neu, rotieism score was significantly higher than the norm 0=4. 933,P〈0. 001）, hut male patients neuroticism scores had no significant difference to the norm （P〉0.05）. ③Psychoticism had significant positive correlation to interpersonal relationship, anxiety. hostility, terror, paranoia, psychotic and the total divided equally （r = 0. 207 - 0. 334, P〈 0.01）, introversion-extroversion had significant positive correlation to somatization, hostility, and paranoia （r= 0. 180- 0. 276,P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）, neuroticism had significant positive correlation to the SCL-90 of various factors （r= 0. 456- 0. 637,P〈0. 01）. ④Nervousness could significantly predict the mental health of various dimensions and the total divided equally （P〈 0.01 ） ,introversion-extroversion could significantly predict somatization, hostility and paranoid（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）, psychoticism could significantly predict obsessive-compalsive symptoms, depression and hostility （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Kidney patients are in a poor state of mental heahh, and their personality characteristics manifested mainly loneliness, stubbornness, lack of empathy and emotional unstability, and the kidney patients with different personality characteristics tend to present diffierent mental problems.