社交恐惧症患者父母养育方式与人格特征及心理防御机制的研究

目的了解恐惧症患者的父母养育方式,探讨其防御机制和人格特征,为临床干预寻求突破。方法采用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)及卡特尔16种人格因素测量表(16PF)对53名社交恐惧症患者进行调查问卷,并分别对53名正常对照组进行比较。结果同正常对照组相比,社交恐惧症患者评价父母养育方式存在显著性差异,其中父亲的过分干涉(t=3.34,P=0.001)、过度保护(t=3.75,P=0.000)、惩罚严厉(t=4.49,P=0.000)、拒绝否认(t=4.35,P=0.000)4因子得分显著高于对照组(P0.01),情感温暖(t=2.98,P=0.004)明显低于对照组(P0.01);母亲的过分干涉保护(t=3.44,P=0.001)、拒绝否认(t=3.85,P=0.000)、惩罚严厉(t=3.97,P=0.000)各因子分值明显高于对照组(P0.01),情感温暖(t=3.66,P=0.000)显著低于对照组(P0.01)。社交恐惧症患者组的不成熟型(t=4.23,P=0.000)和中间型防御机制(t=3.34,P=0.001)因子分明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),而成熟型防御机制(t=2.40,P=0.018)因子分明显低于对照组(P0.05),存在显著性差异;社交恐惧症患者组人格特征16PF中的乐群性(t=6.64,P=0.000)、稳定性(t=6.11,P=0.000)、敢为性(t=3.66,P=0.000)、独立性(t=6.29,P=0.000)各因子分低于对照组(P0.01),而敏感性(t=5.83,P=0.000)、怀疑性(t=5.37,P=0.000)、忧虑性(t=7.30,P=0.000)、紧张性(t=7.34,P=0.000)均高于正常对照组(P0.01),具有显著性差异。结论社交恐惧症患者更多使用不成熟的心理防御方式,具有病态人格特征和不良的父母养育方式。

Study of Parental Rearing Ways,Personality Characteristics and Psychological Defense Mechanism with Social Phobia' Patients

Objective To inquiry into a breakthrough for clinical intervention,through getting the message about parental rearing ways with social phobia＇ patients,and exploring their defense mechanisms and personality characteristics.Methods To carry out a questionnaire survey of social phobia＇ patients with EMBU and DSQ and 16PF,thus to compared with 53 normal control group.Results There were significant differences in evaluating parental rearing ways between two groups,in the father＇s excessive interference （t=3.34,P=0.001）,over-protection （t=3.75,P=0.000）,punishment severity （t=4.49,P=0.000） and rejection （t=4.35,P=0.000）,social phobia＇ patients were significantly higher （P0.01） than control group,while in emotional warmth （t=2.98,P=0.004）,was significantly lower than control group （P0.01）; and mother＇s excessive interference protection （t=3.44,P=0.001）,rejection （t=3.85,P=0.000）,punishment （t=3.97,P=0.000） ,the factor scores were significantly higher than control group （P0.01）,and emotional warmth （t=3.66,P=0.000） was significantly lower than control group （P0.01）.The immature patients （t=4.23,P=0.000） and intermediate defense mechanisms （t=3.34,P=0.001） factor scores of social phobia＇patients were significantly higher than those of control group （P0.01） whereas mature defenses mechanisms （t=2.40,P=0.018） factor scores were significantly lower than those of control group （P0.05）.And the factors of personality characteristics about Lok Kwan （t=6.64,P=0.000 ）,stability （t=6.11,P=0.000）,brave （t=3.66,P=0.000）,independence （t=6.29,P=0.000） in 16PF were significant differences comparised with the control group （P0.01）,while the sensitivity （t=5.83,P=0.000）,suspect （t=5.37,P=0.000）,and anxiety（t=7.30,P=0.000）,tension （t=7.34,P=0.000） were higher than control group （P0.01）.Conclusion Social phobia＇patients use more immature psychological defense styles ,and they have psychopathic personality features and poor parental rearing ways.