留守儿童的主观幸福感及影响因素的研究

目的了解留守儿童主观幸福感的基本情况,探讨影响留守儿童主观幸福感的因素,为提高留守儿童的生活质量提供科学依据。方法采用张兴贵主编的青少年主观幸福感量表,对陕西农村两所中学的700名中学生进行调查。结果留守儿童的主观幸福感处于中等水平(生活满意度=27.18±4.19,积极情感=3.76±1.01,消极情感=3.21±0.95);其生活满意度与积极情感显著低于非留守儿童(t=-2.722和-3.000,P0.01);消极情感显著高于非留守儿童(t=2.958,P0.01);不同性别、年级、留守类型的留守儿童在主观幸福感的多个因子上有显著差异(P0.05或P0.01);性别、年级、对打工的态度、父母关系、与母亲关系、学业成绩、所获得的帮助支持、师生关系、与看护人的沟通、家庭气氛、看护类型、零花钱、同伴关系对留守儿童的主观幸福感有较好的预测作用(P0.05或P0.01)。结论在制定干预措施时,要充分考虑到以上因素。

Study on the Subjective Well-being of "Left-at-home Children" and the Affecting Factors

Objective To know about the subjective well-being of ＂Left-at-home Children＂,and explore the factors affecting and provide a scientific basis for improving those children＇s life quality.Methods Subjective Well-Being scale of adolescent compiled by Zhang Xinggui was used in 700 middle school students in Shaanxi rural area.Results The Subjective well-being of ＂Left-at-home Children＂ was in the middle level.Their life satisfaction and positive feelings were significantly lower than the ＂non-Left-at-home Children＂（t=-2.722,-3.000,P〈0.01）;their negative feelings were significantly higher than the ＂non-Left-at-home Children＂;there were also significant differences in many factors,such as gender,grade and types of ＂Left-at-home Children＂.Moreover,some aspects which could give a very good prediction on ＂Left-at-home Children＇s＂ subjective well-being were gender,grade,attitude to working outside,relationship of parents,relation with his/her mother,teacher and companions,study achievement,available help or support,communication with guardians,family atmosphere,guardianshipas well as pocket money.Conclusion So the factors mentioned above should be taken into full consideration when some intervenient actions are drafted.