地震中受灾群体与救援人员人格、应对方式和心身健康比较

目的比较地震灾后受灾群众和救援人员的人格特点、应对方式和心身健康差异,为灾后不同群体的心理危机干预提供指导。方法 5.12四川地震后第8天用人格量表、应对方式量表和心身健康量表对受灾群众和救援人员两个群体共436人作调查分析。结果受灾群众的合群、信任、同情、责任人格特点分数显著高于救援人员(t=-3.126,P0.01;t=-3.276,P0.01;t=-2.755,P0.01;t=-2.458,P0.05);变通和乐观显著低于救援人员(t=2.151,P0.05;t=4.627,P0.001)。退避、幻想、自责及合理化应对方式分数显著高于救援人员(t=-6.726,P0.001;t=-6.004,P0.001;t=-4.462,P0.001;t=-4.114,P0.001)。抑郁、烦躁、愤怒、焦虑、恐惧、注意力、失眠、生理不适应心身健康分数显著高于救援人员(t=-2.353,P0.05;t=-2.110,P0.05;t=-3.276,P0.05;t=-6.142,P0.001;t=-11.032,P0.001;t=-5.070,P0.001;t=-8.950,P0.001;t=-8.035,P0.001;)。结论地震灾后救援人员比受灾群众有较好的人格、应对方式和健康心理,地震对受灾群众造成的不良心理影响大于救援人员。

Comparative Study on Personality,Coping Style and Psychosomatic Health between Victims and Rescue Workers Following the Earthquake

Objective To compare the difference in personality characters,coping style and psychosomatic health between the victims and rescue workers Following the 5·12 Earthquake.Methods A total of 436 victims and rescue workers were investigated by three questionnaires,including revised personality,coping style and psychosomatic health.Results In the personality test,except for illusion and altruism,independence,persistence,venture,self-disipline,composedness,sensitivity and patience,there were signiticant differences in the other factors（t=-3.126,P〈0.01;t=-3.276,P〈0.01;t=-2.755,P〈0.01;t=-2.458,P〈0.05;t=2.151,P〈0.05;t=4.627,P〈0.001）.In coping style test,the scores of parry,illusion,self-accusation,and rationalization of the victims were significantly higher than those of the rescue workers（t=-6.726,P〈0.001;t=-6.004,P〈0.001;t=-4.462,P〈0.001;t=-4.114,P〈0.001）.In psychosomatic health test,except for solitude,interest,self-efficacy and appetite,there were significant differences in the other factors（t=-2.353,P〈0.05;t=-2.110,P〈0.05;t=-3.276,P〈0.05;t=-6.142,P〈0.001;t=-11.032,P〈0.001;t=-5.070,P〈0.001;t=-8.950,P〈0.001;t =-8.035,P〈0.001;）.Conclusion The rescue workers＇ personality,coping style and psychosomatic health are satisfactory.