Relationship of fibrinogen levels and hemostatic abnormalities with organ damage in hypertension

Elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen and activated coagulation pathways are risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the general population. In a cross-sectional study of a case series, we investigated the relationship between fibrinogen and hemostatic markers with target-organ damage (TOD) in patients with arterial hypertension. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), and antithrombin III were measured in 352 untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and 92 normotensive controls. Staging of TOD was assessed according to W.H.O. guidelines by clinical evaluation and laboratory tests including measurements of creatinine clearance, proteinuria, ophthalmoscopy, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and ultrasound examination of major arteries. F1+2 concentrations were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive controls and were positively correlated with blood pressure. Age, blood pressure levels, duration of hypertension, smoking, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and plasma fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, and F1+2 levels were significantly related to the presence and severity of TOD in univariate analysis. Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were related to organ damage independent of age, blood pressure, duration of hypertension, and smoking status. Separate analysis indicated significant association of fibrinogen and D-dimer levels with cardiac, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and renal damage. In conclusion, elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen and a prothrombotic state are associated with the presence and severity of TOD in patients with essential hypertension and may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic disease in these patients.