张家港市中学生自杀行为及其影响因素分析

目的了解张家港市中学生自杀行为现状及其影响因素，为学校健康教育和社会干预提供理论依据。方法采用分层抽样方法，选取张家港市普通和重点初、高中以及职业高中16所共5012名初一～高三年级学生进行调查。结果张家港市中学生自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂的总体报告率分别为15．3％，6．1％和2．1％，其中自杀意念报告率呈现出随年级升高而逐渐上升的趋势，高中生报告率（18．6％）明显高于初中生（11．2％）；普通高中和重点初中学生的各种自杀行为报告率与同阶段学校差异均有统计学意义；女性、经常感到孤独、因长相或身体缺陷而被嘲笑、因学习压力感到不愉快、连续2周以上感到伤心绝望、过去1a曾和别人打架、网络成瘾及赌博等均是自杀意念的危险因素。结论预防中学生自杀需强调心理健康教育，并建立起有效的干预机制和社会支持系统。

Suicidal Behaviors and Its Risk Factors Among Middle School Students in Zhangjiagang

Objective To investigate prevalence of suicidal behaviors and its risk factors among middle school students in Zhangjiagang and to provide basis for the school health education and social intervention. Methods By stratified sampling method, 5 012 students from 16 common or key middle schools in Zhangjiagang were surveyed. Results Percentage of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt was 15.3 %, 6.1% and 2.1%, respectively, among them prevalence of suicidal ideation increased with grades. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in senior middle school students was higher than that in junior middle school students. Common senior middle school students and key junior middle school students showed the highest prevalence of suicidal behavior by comparison. Finally, it was found that female, feeling isolated, being bullied, study pressure, being desperate, intemet addiction and gambling and so on were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal behaviors are complicated. Therefore, more emphasis should be laid on mental health education in combination with intervention and social support.