不同剂量维生素A强化饼干对学龄前儿童健康影响的研究

【目的】　比较三种不同剂量强化维生素A(VA)对改善学龄前儿童维生素A和铁营养状况的效果 ,探索预防VA缺乏性疾病 (VADD)的强化饼干的理想剂量。　【方法】　将 75 3名观察对象随机分为 4组 ,前两组分别给3 0 %RNI和 10 0 %RNIVA强化饼干每天一次 ,后两组分别每周给VA2万IU强化饼干一次及补充VA2 0万IU胶丸一次 ,除 3 0 %RNI组补充 9个月外 ,其余三组补充 3个月。干预前后观察血清VA、Hb、血清前白蛋白 (PA)、血清视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)、身高和体重的变化。　【结果】　干预前后 ,各组儿童VADD和贫血的检出率明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;补充 3月后自身对照除 3 0 %RNI组PA和Hb外 ,四组其余指标均明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;组间比较 ,2万IU组血清VA升高幅度明显大于其余组 ,3 0 %RNI组Hb、PA和身高的增加幅度明显小于其它组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;补充 9月后 ,3 0 %RNI组Hb和PA的升高明显大于其余组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　补充三种不同剂量VA强化饼干和 2 0万IUVA胶丸 ,均可明显改善VA和铁营养状况 ,长期补充 ,3 0 %RNI和 10 0 %RNI强化剂量可能更佳

Effects of different doses of vitamin A-fortified biscuits on preschool children

The effects of biscuits fortified with three different doses of vitamin A on preschool children were compared, to get a safer and more effective fortified dose for preventing vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD). 753 preschool children were divided randomly into 4 groups. The group 1 and 2 were administered 30% RNI and 100% RNI vitamin A fortified biscuits everyday respectively, while group 3 and 4 respectively ingested 20,000IU vitamin A fortified biscuit weekly and 200,000IU vitamin A capsule just one time. Except the period of study on the group 1 was nine months, other groups lasted for three months. Comparing the change of serum retinol, hemoglobin(Hb), prealbumin(PA), retinol binding protein(RBP), baby height and baby weight from the baseline to 3 mo follow up and 9 mo follow up. Three months supplementation later, the prevalence of VADD and anemia in every group all decreased significantly ( P <0.05). Except for PA and Hb of group 1, other indexes all had a significant increase from baseline to the 3 mo follow up in every group. The increase in serum retinol concentration of group 3 was significantly greater than other groups ( P <0.05) and the increase in Hb, PA and height of group 1 was significantly lesser than other groups ( P <0.05).At 9 mo follow up, the increase in serum retinol concentration of group 1 was still significantly lesser than group 3 ( P <0.05) but the increase in Hb and PA of group 1 was significantly greater than other groups ( P <0.05). Conclusion] Supplementation with three different doses of vitamin A fortified biscuits to preschool children all can improved vitamin A and iron status significantly. The dose of 30% RNI and 100% RNI vitamin A may be the better fortification dose in long term.