广州市荔湾区学龄前儿童心理卫生现况调查

目的 调查学龄前3～7岁集体儿童心理卫生现况,对阳性病例进行早期干预.方法 以广州市荔湾区8所幼儿园中的儿童为调查对象,采用二阶段流行病学调查方法,应用自编儿童心理障碍症状筛查表和3～7岁儿童气质问卷表进行调查和研究.结果 该研究中儿童群体的气质类型以易养型(25.71%)和中间偏易养型(45.54%)为主,无性别差异;气质维度活动水平和反应强度男童较女童高(t分别为2.13、1.82,均P<0.05);学龄前儿童心理障碍总时点患病率为3.83%,以情绪障碍、发育障碍和行为问题为主.结论 学龄前儿童存在不同气质类型,部分儿童有不同程度的儿童精神卫生问题,应早期发现,早期治疗.

An investigation of mental health status of preschoolers in Liwan district of Guangzhou city

Objective To investigate temperament traits and mental health status of preschoolers aged 3~7 years so as to perform early intervention for those children with mental disorder. Methods Children in 8 kindergartens in Liwan district of Guangzhou city were selected and were investigated with self-edited Children's Mental Disorder Symptom Screening Scale and a questionnaire of Chinese Preschool Children Temperament Scale(CPTS)in 2-phases epidemiological methods. Results The main temperament types of preschool children in Liwan district were easy type (25.71%) and intermediate-low type (45.54%) without gender difference. Temperament dimension showed that boys had higher activity level,and higher response intensity than girls, and there were significant differences(t=2.13,1.82 respectively,both P<0.05).The prevalence rate of mental disorder among the children investigated was 3.83%. Emotional disorder, developmental disorder and behavioral problem were common mental disorders.Conclusion The preschool children have different temperament types and some of them have different degrees of mental health problems. Those children with mental health problems should be diagnozed and treated as early as possible.