A world apart: Inaccuracies of laboratory methodologies in antidoping testing |
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| Authors: | Giuseppe Banfi Giovanni Lombardi Alessandra Colombini Giuseppe Lippi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;2. Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Amedeo Avogadro University, Novara, Italy;3. Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy;4. Department of Neurology, Amedeo Avogadro University, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;5. Unit of Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy;1. Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;3. The Kerckhoff Klinik, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;1. Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;2. Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan;3. Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan;4. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;5. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Antidoping testing is currently exclusively based on haematochemical analysis performed in specialized laboratories accredited by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency). Many of the analytical methods used for the determination of the parameters considered, such as haematological parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit and reticulocytes), proteins (soluble transferrin receptor and hepcidin) and hormones (erythropoietin and growth hormone) are often affected by lack of clear standardization and harmonization. The observed incongruity of the data deriving from different laboratories often results in the risk of false positive results in athletes.This review wants to provide additional proofs in support of the need to improve the antidoping methodology involving different research and clinical institutions and skills. |
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