听皮层认知功能障碍与听力损失相关性的探讨

听力损失(hearing loss,HL)和认知功能(cognitive function,CF)有着密切的关系。耳蜗是听觉信息传入和传出的重要结构,即中枢听觉系统接收和反馈听觉信息的重要窗口。耳蜗精细结构就具有言语编码的功能,耳蜗的基底膜(basal membrane,BM)和毛细胞(hair cells,HCs)从基底圈到顶圈有序的改变,以及传入和传出突触复合体在耳蜗水平为言语编码提供了物质基础。而耳蜗每个内毛细胞(inner hair cells,IHCs)上有20-30个活动区(active zone,AZ),这种空间分布与言语声的时空分布的识别密切相关。当外周HL后,听觉中枢输入减少及重组,导致言语识别困难。探讨HL导致的听皮层CF变化的发生机制,可在临床中,早发现、早诊断、早治疗和早干预对听觉和言语康复效果较好,且为治疗措施提供新的思路。

Relations between Auditory Cortical Cognitive Functions and Hearing Loss

There is a close relation between hearing loss and cognitive function.Cochlea is an important structure for input and output of auditory information,i.e.an important window for the brain to receive and regulate auditory information.The fine structures in the cochlea provide speech coding functions,with orderly changes of the basal membrane and hair cells from the base to apex,and complex afferent and efferent synaptic connections.The 20-30 active zones on each inner hair cel,and their spatial distribution are closely related to speech recognition.Central auditory neurons may reorganize when peripheral hearing loss occurs,which affects speech recognition.Understanding mechanisms of and relations between hearing loss and auditory cortical cognitive function may benefit hearing and speech rehabilitation with early detection,diagnosis,treatment and intervention in clinic practice,and can provide new treatment strategies.