Expression patterns of LIS1, dynein and their interaction partners dynactin,NudE, NudEL and NudC in human gliomas suggest roles in invasion and proliferation

Diffusely infiltrating gliomas are the most common type of primary intracranial neoplasm in humans. One of the major obstacles to the effective treatment of these tumors is their highly infiltrative growth. However, mechanisms controlling their migration and proliferation are poorly understood. Glioma cells resemble neural progenitors, and we hypothesize that gliomas recapitulate the capacity of migration and proliferation of progenitors that takes place during brain development. Based on recent evidence implicating cytoplasmic dynein and its regulatory proteins in neural progenitor migration and division, we conducted immunohistochemical evaluation of surgically resected human glioma samples for the presence and distribution of these proteins. We examined expression of LIS1, the gene responsible for type I lissencephaly, cytoplasmic dynein and the dynein- and LIS1-interacting factors dynactin, NudE/NudEL and NudC, which play significant roles in neural progenitor cell behavior. We found that each of these proteins is expressed in all histological types and grades of human neuroectodermal tumors examined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the levels of expression varied from cell to cell within each tumor, ranging from very high to undetectable. This stands in contrast to the low levels of diffuse staining seen in non-neoplastic brain tissue. Of particular interest, we noted tumor cells infiltrating the white matter and tumor cells undergoing cell division amongst the cells with notably high expression levels. These findings are compatible with the idea that LIS1 and its interacting proteins play a role in glioma migration and proliferation analogous to their role during brain development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 16500202) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to SOS and NIH grant HD40182 to RBV.