Pergolide scavenges both hydroxyl and nitric oxide free radicals in vitro and inhibits lipid peroxidation in different regions of the rat brain

The free radical hypothesis for the pathogenesis and/or progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained wide acceptance in recent years. Although it is clear that dopamine (DA) agonists cannot completely replace levodopa therapy, they can be beneficial early in the course of PD by reducing the accumulation of DA which undergoes auto-oxidation and generates cytotoxic free radicals. In the present study we demonstrate that pergolide, a widely used DA agonist, has free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Using a direct detection system for nitric oxide radical (NO·) by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry in an in vitro ·NO-generating system, we examined the quenching effects of pergolide on the amount of NO· generated. Pergolide dose-dependently scavenged NO·. In the competition assay, the IC₅₀ value for pergolide was estimated to be about 30 μM. Pergolide also dose-dependently attenuated the hydroxyl radical (·OH) signal in an in vitro FeSO₄–H₂O₂ ESR system with an approximate IC₅₀ value of 300 μM. Furthermore, this agent significantly inhibited phospholipid peroxidation of rat brain homogenates in in vitro experiments and after repeated administration (0.5 mg/kg/24 h, i.p. for 7 days). Our findings suggest a neuroprotective role for pergolide on dopaminergic neurons due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.