骨科生物力学股骨颈三维模型特点及建模方法

目的评价新的股骨颈生物力学分析中股骨颈三维模型的特点及建模的可行性。方法在分析建模过程和操作流程的基础上,分别利用塑料股骨模型和尸体股骨模型进行CT类型DICOM图像的VTK快速读入、边缘提取及三维重建,验证该过程所建的股骨颈生物力学分析中股骨颈模型的正确性和有效性。实现三维重建股骨颈在生物力学实验及股骨颈骨折手术操作中的临床应用价值。结果特征数据的提取过程简单,通常情况下,102张DICOM数据,只需3min左右即可完成阈值图像处理、光顺处理以及特征数据提取。同时,只需以不大于2mm的片层间距扫描CT图像,就可重建出生物力学分析可接受的股骨颈的三维形体。并在半分钟完成重建。结论在CT图像中,基于图像灰度阈值能够有效快速获取股骨颈生物力学模型的数据特征及三维重建形体,且开发出可交互的股骨颈三视图系统。

Characters and modeling procedure of femoral neck 3D in orthopedic biomechanics

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a new kind of biomechanical modeling process of femoral neck and its feasibility. Methods Basing on the analysis of modeling process and operation flow, both of a plastic femoral bone and a cadaveric one were selected to generate CT image in DICOM format, and implement a fast interface in VTK, and edge extraction. The correctness and validity of the method were verified using in finite element analysis in feature model. Results Feature data were easy to obtain, and generally, it only takes nearly 3 minutes to finish the threshold image process, fairing processing, and acquisition of feature data in a group of 102 pieces of DICOM files. Meanwhile, on the condition of less than 2 millimeters, the image in DICOM format, whose thickness is less than 2 millimeters, could reconstruct a 3D body, which could satisfy the needs of biomechanical analysis, and the process of reconstruction could be finished in less than half a minute in PC. Conclusion In CT image, based on the gray scale threshold of images, the process of acquisition of feature data in biomechanical analysis of femoral neck and 3D reconstruction could be finished quickly and could develop a interact system for femoral three views including 3D interaction.