静脉免疫球蛋白对新生儿脐带血淋巴细胞免疫抑制机制的研究

目的从脐带血单个核细胞(CBMC)和CD3^ T淋巴细胞膜表面CD25、CD45RA、CD45RO分子表达的角度,探讨静脉免疫球蛋白(IVIG)对新生儿免疫功能的抑制机制。方法利用IVIG和植物血凝素(PHA)不同组合对CBMC或CD3^ T淋巴细胞进行刺激培养,再利用四色免疫荧光抗体标记-流式细胞技术检测细胞表面CD25、CD45RA、CD45RO分子的表达情况。结果IVIG可以抑制PHA诱导的CBMC的活化,表现为CD25分子表达的明显抑制;并且随着CD25分子表达的抑制,CD4^ 细胞表面的CD45RO分子的表达也被抑制,阻止了CBMC中的CD4^ CD45RA^ 细胞向CD4^ CD45RO^ 细胞转换。IVIG也可以抑制PHA诱导的脐带血CD3^ T淋巴细胞CD25分子和CD45RO分子的表达,但这种抑制程度远远不如对CBMC作用明显。结论IVIG可以抑制脐带血T淋巴细胞的活化过程,这种抑制作用除了与IVIG对T淋巴细胞的直接作用外,还可能通过了其他免疫细胞或免疫分子的间接介导。IVIG对CD4^ CD45RO^ T淋巴细胞的抑制作用可能是IVIG抑制B淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白释放的重要机制之一。新生儿期应用IVIG有可能使免疫功能低下加重。

Mechanism of inhibitory effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on neonatal umbilical cord blood lymphocytes

OBJECTIVE: The expression of CD25, CD45RA, CD45RO on umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and CD3(+) T lymphocytes was investigated to explore the mechanism of immunosuppressive effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on neonatal immune function. METHODS: Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and CD3(+) T lymphocytes isolated from 8 neonates were studied. The expression of CD25, CD45RA, CD45RO on umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and CD3(+) T lymphocytes induced with various stimuli of different combinations of IVIG and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) including (1) control group, (2) PHA activation group, (3) IVIG pre-inhibition group, (4) PHA pre-activation group, (5) PHA+IVIG group was measured with four-color immunofluorescence antibodies staining-flow cytometric technique. The results were also compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 8 adults (PBMCs). RESULTS: IVIG inhibited the PHA-induced proliferation of CBMCs as reflected by the decreased expression of CD25 and CD45RO. The amounts of CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CBMCs reached 77.52% +/- 2.31% and 64.29% +/- 3.09% after PHA use. But a decreased response in CD25(+) (7.66% +/- 1.20% and 7.78% +/- 1.46%) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CBMC (3.18% +/- 1.90% and 3.11% +/- 0.08%) was observed when IVIG was added in both IVIG pre-inhibition group and PHA+IVIG group. As compared with PBMCs, IVIG failed to induce the increase of the expression of CD45RA in CBMCs whereas CD45RA(+) PBMCs increased from 54.93% +/- 3.63% to 72.77% +/- 0.39% in IVIG pre-inhibition group. Moreover, IVIG inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD45RO on cord blood CD3(+) T lymphocytes no matter whether they were activated with PHA or not. The amounts of CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CD3(+) T lymphocytes reached 97.92% +/- 2.19% and 80.41% +/- 5.57% after PHA use. But a decreased response in CD25(+) CBMCs (77.29% +/- 0.63%, 51.48% +/- 1.85% and 62.73% +/- 1.24%) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CD3(+) T lymphocytes (35.47% +/- 2.55%, 40.14% +/- 1.16% and 36.41% +/- 2.96%) was observed when IVIG was added in IVIG pre-inhibition group, PHA pre-activation group and PHA+IVIG group, and the degree of inhibition of IVIG on cord blood CD3(+) T lymphocytes was much lower than that of CBMCs. CONCLUSIONS: Cord blood T lymphocytes activation was inhibited by IVIG through the inhibition of CD25(+) CBMCs expression and the prevention of transformation from CD4(+)CD45RA(+) cells into CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells. This IVIG-mediated suppression of activation in cord blood T cells may be derived from the indirect effect of other immune cells or molecules other than the direct effects on T cells. IVIG failed to induce the increase of expression of CD45RA in CBMCs, which may be related to the fact that majority of CBMCs were CD45RA(+) cells, but this may not rule out that the immunosuppressive effect of IVIG could be accomplished by the increase of CD45RA(+) cells in adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The suppressive effect of IVIG on CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes may account for its inhibitory effect on immunoglobulin production of neonates' B cells. Considering that na?ve CD45RA(+) cells dominate in neonates and IVIG can inhibit transformation from CD4(+)CD45RA(+) cells into CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells, it is recommended that IVIG should be used properly in neonates, otherwise it may deteriorate their poor immune function especially when it is used for prophylaxis or as a treatment of neonatal non-infectious diseases, and its immunosuppressive action will increase the susceptibility of neonates to infection.