对冠心病患者疾病危险因素与健康保健知识的调查分析

目的研究冠心痛患者疾病危险因素与健康保健知识,进而为健康教育策略及工作开展提供依据。方法对615例急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的疾病危险因素、有效控制措施、发病至前往医院求治的时间等内容进行问卷调查。结果缺乏体育锻炼、高血脂、肥胖和不良饮食方式、高血压、糖尿病是本病的主要危险因素。大约半数患者的急救知识和保健知识较差：患者ACS发作时服用硝酸脂类药物或速效救心丸以缓解缺血状况的有329例,占53.5%。这些患者发作后24～48h才送医院,日间发作的患者就诊所需时间较夜间发作的患者短（P〈0.01）。结论大多数冠心病患者保健知识匮乏,应有针对性地加强健康教育,整体改善冠心病患者生活质量。

Investigation of risk factors and health care knowledge in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To investigate the risk factors and health care knowledge in patients with coronary heart disease,and to provide reference for health education. Methods Totally 615 patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS） undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the disease risk factors and control measures,the time course of the onset of symptoms to emergency treatment at hospital. Results Insufficiency of physical exercise,hyperlipidemia,obesity and unhealthy diet,hypertension and diabetes were risk factors of coronary disease. Poor knowledge of first-aid and health care were seen among most of the patients; 53.5% of the patients took nitrates to relive symptoms during attack. The patients were sent to hospital within 24-48 hours after attack. Conclusion Most patients with coronary heart disease lack of health care knowledge. Targeted health education should be strengthened to improve their quality of life.