急性光气吸入对大鼠抗氧化酶及一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的　研究光气急性吸入对机体抗氧化酶活力以及一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响。方法　利用三光气在N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺作用下分解生成光气的方法 ,设对照组采用SD大鼠进行动态恒量染毒 ,2h后处死实验动物 ,取肺组织测定湿干比 ,取全血、血清和肝组织分别测定谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 (GST)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、NO、NOS活力和总蛋白含量。结果　染毒组实验动物的肺湿干比明显大于对照组 ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 1) ,血清和肝组织匀浆的GST活力明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清和肝组织中SOD、全血CAT以及全血、血清、肝组织GSH Px活力明显提高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清和肝组织匀浆NO含量明显降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,NOS活力明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　大鼠光气急性吸入可以明显改变机体抗氧化酶系的活力 ,并且存在着一定程度的急性肝损伤 ,而这种损伤与活性氧密切相关 ,但多种抗氧化酶活力的升高却提示抗氧化治疗非光气急性中毒救治的首选。

Effect of acute phosgene inhalation on antioxidant enzymes,nitric oxide and nitric-oxide synthase in rats

Objective To study the effect of acute phosgene inhalation on the antioxidant enzymes,nitric oxide(NO) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in rats. Methods Phosgene was produced by decomposing bis(trichdomethyl)carbonate in the presence of N,N-dimethyl formamide.SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control and phosgene exposure groups.In a special experimental device with equipment modulating the gas flow,phosgene exposed rats inhaled phosgene quantitatively for five minutes.Two hours later,all the rats were sacrificed and the ratio of wet weight to dried weight of lung(WW/DW) was calculated.Peripheral blood,serum and liver were collected to examine the activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione S-transferase(GST),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),NOS,and NO level.The total content of proteins were also determined. Results The WW/DW ratio of lung in phosgene exposure group was much higher than that in control group(P<0.01).The activities of GST in serum and liver of phosgene exposure group increased significantly(P<0.05).The activities of SOD,CAT,GSHPx and NOS in serum or blood and liver of phosgene exposure group were also increased significantly(P<0.05).But the content of NO was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Conclusion Acute phosgene inhalation may cause a dramatically changes of several antioxidant enzyme activities,and acute injury of liver to some extent in rats.The latter is related to reactive oxygen species.But the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities suggests that antioxidative treatment for acute phosgene poisoning should not be considered first.