成人超重和肥胖的危害及影响因素分析

目的]分析研究成人超重和肥胖的危害及影响因素。方法]按多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取上海市黄浦区3个街道6个社区共计1360名成人,采用问卷和医学体检相结合的方法,分析该人群超重和肥胖的发生情况及其危害。并采用多因素logistic回归分析超重和肥胖的相关危险因素。结果]超重和肥胖发生率分别为30.7%和10.9%,中心性肥胖率为40.6%,体质指数为(24.1±3.6)kg/m~2。超重和肥胖者中有46.3%患高血压,10.7%患糖尿病,31.0%血脂异常。肥胖和超重者患高血压的危险性是体重正常者的2.7倍,患血脂异常的危险性是体重正常人群的2.8倍。多因素分析显示文化程度、年龄和职业进入回归模型,与超重和肥胖独立相关。结论]本区超重和肥胖率远远超过全国水平,并导致其他营养相关疾病患病危险性增加,建议加以关注。超重和肥胖的保护因素主要为高等文化程度和从事中等体力以下职业,≥45岁年龄是超重和肥胖的危险因素。

Analysis of the Hazards and Correlative Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Community Adults

Objective]To evaluate the hazards and the correlative factors of overweight and obesity in community adults. Methods]1360 adults in Shanghai Huangpu district covering 6 communities of 3 street areas were interviewed via multi-stage cluster sampling.Questionnaires and medical checks were employed.The incidences and hazards of overweight and obese adults were analyzed.The relationship between overweight/obesity and related factors were analyzed through multiple logistic regression as well.Results]The incidences of overweight and obesity were 30.7% and 10.9% respectively.The incidence of central obesity accounted for 40.6%.The body mass index was(24.1 3.6)kg/m~2,46.3% of the overweight and obese adults got hypertension; 10.7% of them suffered from diabetes mellitum,and 31.0% of them were found dyslipidemia.The hazard ratios of hypertension and dyslipidemia in overweight and obese subjects were 2.7 and 2.8 respectively compared with normal weight adults.The education level,occupation and age entered into logistic model,and had independent correlation with overweight and obesity.Conclusion] The incidences of overweight and obesity in Huangpu district went beyond the national level and contributed to the increase of nutrition related diseases.The higher education level and occupation below medium labor were found to be protective factors.Aged 45 and over was the main risk factor of overweight and obesity.