运动与ATP-敏感型钾离子通道

背景：在运动生理状态下，KATP 在调节冠状动脉张力、运动诱导心肌保护效应和延缓骨骼肌疲劳等多个方面具有重要作用。目的：对KATP在运动中的作用进行了综述和探讨，以期为深入了解运动调节机体代谢提供理论参考。方法：检索1991年1月至2014年6月 PubMed数据库及维普中文科技数据库文献。英文检索词为“KATP Channels；Adenosine Triphosphate；Sports；Myocardium；Ion Channels”，中文检索词为“KATP通道；三磷酸腺苷；运动；心肌；离子通道”。选择与KATP分子结构、生物学功能及调控相关，以及KATP与冠状动脉、心肌、骨骼肌疲劳及运动能力相关的文献42篇文献进行探讨。结果与结论：ATP敏感性钾离子通道可以偶联细胞内能量代谢和细胞膜兴奋性，在应对各种生理和病理应激时是保护心肌的效应器之一。长期的耐力训练则会增加骨骼肌和心肌KATP的表达，可能是心肌和骨骼肌对运动应激产生的一种适应性表现。KATP 可能参与冠状动脉血流量的调节。在运动诱导的减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护效应中，心肌KATP具有重要作用。当骨骼肌疲劳发生时，KATP的激活有利于防止ATP的过度消耗而造成肌纤维损伤和细胞死亡，有利于疲劳的快速恢复。关于KATP与运动能力的关系仍需进一步的研究。

Exercise and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel

BACKGROUND：In the condition of exercise physiology, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium （KATP） channel plays an important role in many aspects, such as regulation of coronary artery tension, exercise-induced myocardial protection effect and delay of skeletal muscle fatigue. OBJECTIVE：To review and investigate the role of KATP in exercise in order to provide theoretical reference for understanding mechanism underlying exercise regulation of body’s metabolism. METHODS： A computer-based online search of PubMed and VIP databases was performed for articles related to molecular structure, biological function and regulatory role of KATP as wel as correlation of KATP with coronary artery, myocardium, skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise ability published from January 1991 to June 2014. The keywords were “KATP channels; adenosine triphosphate; sports; myocardium; ion channels” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly, 42 relevant articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Coupling with celular energy metabolism and cel membrane excitability, KATP channel is one of the effectors for myocardial protection in response to various physiological and pathological stresses. Prolonged endurance training can increase the expression of skeletal muscle and myocardial KATP, which may be an adaptive performance of the myocardium and skeletal muscle in response to exercise stress. KATP may participate in regulation of coronary blood flow. Myocardial KATP plays an important protective role for aleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by exercise. When skeletal muscle fatigue occurs, the activation of KATP is helpful to prevent muscle fiber damage and cel death due to excessive consumption of ATP, in favor for the fast recovery from fatigue. The relation between KATP and exercise ability stil needs further research.