高血压病患者生命质量及影响因素研究

目的]分析影响高血压病患者生命质量的主要因素,为提高高血压病患者的生命质量提供参考依据.方法]运用横断面调查研究方法以统一印制的调查表对644例原发性高血压患者实施问卷调查.调查内容包括社会人口学特征、行为、高血压病程、治疗情况等,中文版SF-36量表测定生命质量,症状计数表测定症状.以t检验、方差分析和逐步回归对每一种影响因素进行分析,找出主要的影响因素.结果]单因素分析时,年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、婚姻关系、近1年精神刨伤史、家庭总收入、饮食、体育锻炼、高血压病病程、态度、防治知识知晓状况、平时血压值、症状、有无社区医生管理等15种因素与生命质量的各领域或大多数领域均有关系.进一步多因素分析,在排除了各因素之间的相互影响后,对生命质量的主要影响因素分别是症状、体育锻炼、年龄、平时血压值、态度、防治知识知晓状况、家庭总收入、社区医生管理.结论]要提高高血压病患者的生命质量,应关注患者的症状,有效降压,加强社区综合管理,提高患者防治知识;同时,患者自身要加强体育锻炼,拥有积极乐观的心态.

RESEARCH ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND INFLUENCING FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Objective]To investigate main influencing factors and to provide evidences to improve the quality of life in patients with hypertension.Methods]A cross-sectional study was used to survey 644 patients with hypertension.Used the questionnaire including demographic information,behaviour,years of hypertension,treatment,quality of life determined by Chinese version SF-36 and symptoms evaluated by the Symptom Checklist.Each factor was analyzed respectively to find out the main factors by using methods of Student-t test,variance analysis and stepwise multivariate regression.Results]The results of single factor variance analysis showed that 15 factors were significantly related with all or most domains of the SF-36 like age,gender,education,marital status and relationship,history of mental scar within the last one year,family income,dietary,physical exercise,course of disease,attitude,knowledge,ordinary blood pressure,symptom and community management.When interactions among factors were excluded,the results of multivariate regression analysis showed that symptom,physical exercise,age,attitude,knowledge,ordinary blood pressure,family income and community management were the main influencing factors.Conclusion]To improve hypertension patients' quality of life,we should pay attention to their symptoms,control blood pressure effectively,enhance community comprehensive management and improve their knowledge;at the same time,patients should enhance physical exercise and look on the disease with optimistic attitude.