Alcohol use during a trial of N-acetylcysteine for adolescent marijuana cessation |
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| Institution: | 1. Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Charleston, SC, USA;2. Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA;3. Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Charleston, SC, USA;1. University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742-4411, USA;2. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA;1. Center for Molecular Nutrition and Sensory Disorders, The Taste and Smell Clinic, 5125 MacArthur Blvd, NW, #20, Washington, DC, United States;2. Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1184, Building 10, Room 1C711, Bethesda, MD, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States;3. Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States;1. University of South Carolina Aiken, 471 University Pkwy, Aiken, SC 29801, United States;2. Louisiana State University, 318 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States;3. Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph''s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada;1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States;2. Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning (CASTL), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States;3. The National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States;4. College of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States |
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| Abstract: | AimsCurrent adolescent alcohol treatments have modest effects and high relapse rates. Evaluation of novel pharmacotherapy treatment is warranted. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an over-the-counter antioxidant supplement with glutamatergic properties, is a promising treatment for marijuana cessation in adolescents; however, its effects on adolescent drinking have not been examined. To that end, this secondary analysis evaluated: (1) the effect of NAC vs. placebo on alcohol use over an eight-week adolescent marijuana cessation trial and (2) the role of marijuana cessation and reduction on subsequent alcohol use.MethodsMarijuana-dependent adolescents (ages 15–21; N = 116) interested in treatment were randomized to NAC 1200 mg or matched placebo twice daily for eight weeks. Participants were not required to be alcohol users or interested in alcohol cessation to qualify.ResultsThere were no demographic or baseline alcohol use differences between participants randomized to NAC vs. placebo (ps > 0.05). Of the 89 participants returning for ≥ one visit following randomization, 77 reported ≥ one alcoholic drink in the 30 days prior to study entry and averaged 1.3 (SD = 1.4) binge drinking days per week. During treatment, less marijuana use (measured via urine cannabinoid levels) was associated with less alcohol use in the NAC-treated group but not in the placebo-treated group (p = 0.016).ConclusionsThere was no evidence of compensatory alcohol use during marijuana treatment. In fact, in the NAC group, lower levels of marijuana use were associated with less alcohol use, suggesting NAC effects may generalize to other substances and could be useful in decreasing adolescent alcohol use. NAC trials specifically focused on alcohol-using adolescents are warranted. |
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