医疗机构与非医疗机构中青年职工的心血管疾病危险因素分析

目的探讨医疗机构与非医疗机构中青年职工的心血管疾病危险因素差异。方法回顾性分析2016年—2017年中南大学湘雅三医院健康体检的职工979例作为医疗机构职工组，以及非医疗行业来该院体检群众51 069例作为非医疗机构职工组。基于年龄、性别对两组人群进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配，匹配后每组979例。比较倾向性评分匹配后两组的危险因素、心血管病检出率差异及影响因素。结果两组性别、年龄、文化程度、空腹血糖、TG、HDL比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组SBP、DBP、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏体育运动、TC、LDL比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常、高尿酸血症率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。医疗机构组高血压率低于非医疗机构组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic一般回归分析显示：饮酒■是非医疗机构职工高血压患病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论医疗机构中青年职工的心血管疾病危险因素十分突出，故此强化医疗机构中青年职工健康意识与职工健康文化建设十分必要。

Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors among young and middle-aged staff in medical institutions and non-medical institutions

Objective To investigate the discrepancy in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases between young and middle-aged staff in medical institutions and non-medical institutions.Methods From 2016 to 2017, 979 hospital workers who participated in health checkups in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed as the medical institutions group, and 51 069 individuals undergoing health checkups from non-medical institutions were included as the non-medical institutions group. Based on age and gender, the two groups were 1:1 matched via propensity score matching. The differences in the detection rates of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases were compared between the two groups after propensity score matching.Results There was no significant difference in gender composition, age, education level, and levels of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups (P > 0.05). The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the proportions of individuals with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, the proportions of individuals lack of exercise, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the rates of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia (P > 0.05). The rates of hypertension were lower in the medical institutions group than those in the non-medical institutions group (P < 0.05). The multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that history of alcohol consumption O^R = 2.433 (95% CI: 1.628, 3.637) ], lack of exercise O^R = 1.566 (95% CI: 1.102, 2.225) ], high fasting blood glucose O^R = 1.702 (95% CI: 1.334, 2.171) ], and high TC O^R = 1.821 (95% CI: 1.295, 2.562) ] were independent risk factors for hypertension in hospital staff. The history of alcohol consumption O^R = 2.636 (95% CI: 1.853, 3.750) ], high fasting blood glucose O^R = 1.310 (95% CI: 1.109, 1.546) ], and high TC O^R = 1.446 (95% CI: 1.093, 1.915) ] were independent risk factors for hypertension in non-hospital staff.Conclusions The cardiovascular risk factors are common among young and middle-aged staff in medical institutions as the non-medical institutions. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the health awareness among young and middle-aged staff in medical institutions.