Breakdowns of eye movement control toward smoking cues in young adult light smokers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, United States;2. Division of Addiction, University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States;3. MAYU of New England, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States;3. Department of Veteran Affairs, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, United States;4. Department of Education and Human Services, College of Education, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States;5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States;1. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4R2, Canada;2. Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veteran''s Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H2E2, Canada;3. Psychology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, 2323 Notre Dame Ave, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G2W5, Canada;4. Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Rd, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V1V7, Canada;1. University of New Hampshire, United States;2. Brown University, United States;3. Palo Alto University, United States;1. Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States;2. Stanford Prevention Research Center in the Department of Medicine at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundMany studies suggest that dependent smokers have a preference or attentional bias toward smoking cues. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of infrequent non-dependent light smokers to control their eye movements by look away from smoking cues. Poor control in the lightest of smokers would suggest nicotine cue-elicited behavior occurring even prior to nicotine dependency as measured by daily smoking.Methods17 infrequent non-dependent light smokers and 17 lifetime non-smokers performed an antisaccade task (look away from suddenly appearing cue) on smoking, alcohol, neutral, and dot cues.ResultsThe light smokers, who were confirmed light smokers and non-dependent (MFaegerström Dependency Score = 0.35), were significantly worse at controlling their eye movements to smoking cues relative to both neutral cues (p < .04) and alcohol cues (p < .02). Light smokers made significantly more errors to smoking cues than non-smokers (p < .004).ConclusionsThese data suggest that prior to developing clinical symptoms of severe dependence or progressing to heavier smoking (e.g., daily smoking), the lightest of smokers are showing a specific deficit in control of nicotine cue-elicited behavior. |
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