中晚期直肠癌术中放疗的发展现状

中国消化道恶性肿瘤的发病率及病死率逐年升高。直肠癌是消化道恶性肿瘤的重要组成部分,严重危害患者身心健康。随着经济高速发展,人们生活方式逐渐西方化,中晚期直肠癌患者占比也逐渐升高。目前中晚期直肠癌的治疗方式主要包括手术、术后放化疗、新辅助放化疗、术中放疗（IORT）等。近年来IORT模式逐渐兴起,对于IORT的优势与局限性尚无完善的循证医学证据,该文将近年IORT的发展作一综述。

Advances in the intraoperative radiation therapy for advanced rectal cancer

The incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancers in China are increasing year by year, where rectal cancer accounts for an essential part and severely endangers the physical and mental health of patients. With the rapid development of economy and the gradual westernization of lifestyle, the proportion of patients with advanced rectal cancer is also on the rise. At present, the treatment of patients with advanced rectal cancer mainly includes surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). In recent years, there has been an upsurge of IORT, while evidence-based advantages and limitations of IORT have not been well documented. This article intends to review the development of IORT over the past years.