Melanoma exosomes enable tumor tolerance in lymph nodes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine Unit (GEM), Center of Excellence in Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;2. National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy;1. Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, University of Athens, Greece;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen’s Hospital, Rom Valley Way, Romford, Essex, United Kingdom;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust/St George’s University of London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Melanoma preferentially spreads via lymph nodes. Melanoma exosomes can induce angiogenesis and immune suppression. However, a role for melanoma exosomes in facilitating tumor tolerance in lymph nodes has not been considered. Herein, the hypothesis that melanoma exosome mediated induction of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) results in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) mediated tumor tolerance is explored. To support this hypothesis, experiments involving ex vivo lymph node associated VECs, LECs, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes are proposed based upon a previously established fluorescent exosome lymph node trafficking model. The implication of the hypothesis in the context of melanoma exosome mediated induction of tumor tolerance in lymph nodes is then discussed. |
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