社会参与对中国老年人抑郁水平的影响研究

目的：了解志愿型社会参与和个人型社会参与对老年人抑郁水平的影响，并探讨社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度的中介作用，为促进老年心理健康，实现积极老龄化提供实证依据。方法：基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2018年数据中的6 939名老年人，使用两独立样本T检验进行单因素分析，利用OLS模型进行多因素分析，通过逐步回归和广义结构方程(GESM)估计中介效应。结果：我国老年人社会参与水平较低，无论是志愿型社会参与、个人型社会参与还是两种类型均参与都会显著抑制老年人抑郁水平。个人型社会参与通过提高老年人社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度抑制其抑郁水平，志愿型社会参与通过提高社会适应水平抑制其抑郁水平。结论：社会参与会降低老年人抑郁水平，政府和社区应鼓励老年人多参与到社会公益活动和娱乐型社交活动中去，提高社会网络、社会适应能力和生活质量，从而提高其心理健康水平。

A study on the effects of social participation on the level of depression among Chinese elderly

Objective: To understand the effects of voluntary social participation and personal social participation on level of depression among the elderly and to explore the mediating roles of social networks, social adaptation and life satisfaction, so as to provide an empirical evidence for improving mental health of the elderly and achieving active aging. Methods: Based on data gathered in 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) involving 6 939 seniors, a one-way analysis was conducted using two independent samples t-test, and a multi-factor analysis was conducted using OLS model, on the basis of the above analyses, the mediating effect is tested by stepwise regression and GSEM.Results: The results showed low levels of social participation among seniors in China. Either voluntary social participation, personal social participation, or both of them significantly suppressed depression levels among seniors. Personal social participation suppressed depression levels among seniors by improving their social networks, social adaptation, and life satisfaction, while voluntary social participation suppressed depression levels by increasing social adaptation. Conclusion: Social participation is proved to reduce depression levels among seniors. The government and the community should encourage the elderly to participate more in social welfare activities and recreational social activities, so that they can expand their social network, improve their social adaptation and life quality, so as to enhance their mental health and eventually achieve a sense of worthiness and happiness in old age.