Preaxial polydactyly/triphalangeal thumb is associated with changed transcription factor-binding affinity in a family with a novel point mutation in the long-range cis-regulatory element ZRS |
| |
| Authors: | Muhammad Farooq Jesper T Troelsen Mette Boyd Hans Eiberg Lars Hansen Muhammad Sajid Hussain Shoaib ur Rehman Aysha Azhar Amjad Ali Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar Niels Tommerup Shahid Mahmood Baig Klaus W Kjaer |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan;2Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| |
| Abstract: | A cis-regulatory sequence also known as zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) regulatory sequence (ZRS) located in intron 5 of LMBR1 is essential for expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the developing posterior limb bud mesenchyme. Even though many point mutations causing preaxial duplication defects have been reported in ZRS, the underlying regulatory mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect on transcription factor binding of a novel ZRS point mutation (463T>G) in a Pakistani family with preaxial polydactyly and triphalangeal thumb. Electrophoretical mobility shift assay demonstrated a marked difference between wild-type and the mutant probe, which uniquely bound one or several transcription factors extracted from Caco-2 cells. This finding supports a model in which ectopic anterior SHH expression in the developing limb results from abnormal binding of one or more transcription factors to the mutant sequence. |
| |
| Keywords: | preaxial polydactyly triphalangeal thumb point mutation SHH regulatory sequence regulatory element |
|
|
