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Menstrual Type,Pain and Psychological Distress in Adult Women with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Authors:John J. Sollers  Brittani Leach-Beale  Camela S. Barker  Mary Wood  Tanisha Burford  Kristen Bell  Malik Muhammad  Jessica R. Lands  Nina Smith  Jessica Miller  Brianna Jones  Ashely Nicole Murrill  Alvin Killough  Elwood Robinson  Keith E. Whitfield  Goldie S. Byrd  Christopher L. Edwards
Affiliation:1. Psychology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA;2. Xavier University, School of Tropical Medicine;3. Duke University Medical Center;4. Human Sciences Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA;5. Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA;6. Psychology, Winston Salem State University, Winston Salem, NC, USA;7. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA;8. Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA;9. North Carolina Central University Integrated Health and Wellness Clinic, Durham, NC, USA;1. University of Texas Health at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine;2. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine;3. Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Director of Neuro ICU, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA;1. Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer for the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL;2. Vice President for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer for the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL;1. Department of Pediatrics, Children''s National Hospital (CN) and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (GWSMHS), 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA;2. Capital Region Health, University of Maryland Medical System, 3001 Hospital Drive, Cheverly, MD 20785, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM), 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC 20060, USA;4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;1. Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China;2. Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
Abstract:ObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of menstrual types inclusive of PMS on reports of chronic pain intensity and psychopathology in twenty-eight women (mean age 38.93 ± 13.51) with Sickle Cell disease (SCD).MethodsUsing the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire, we compared women with PMS to those with less distressing spasmodic cycle types.ResultsThirty-four percent of the sample used oral contraception; there were no significant effects of birth control use on reports of pain. Women with PMS characterized the sensory (p = .04) and affective (p = .04) experiences of their SCD-related chronic pain, including their current pain intensity (p = .03), as significantly greater than women with primary spasmodic menstrual type. Further, there was a trend towards significance for women with PMS to report greater levels of overall pain intensity (p = .07) and average pain intensity over the past month (p = .08).ConclusionsThe authors interpret these results to suggest that there may be a complex interaction of neurohormonal, biological, and psychological factors associated with PMS that influence manifestation and experience of chronic pain in patients with SCD.
Keywords:Sickle cell disease  Chronic pain  Menstrual type  PMS  Black women  Women's health
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