Fighting viruses with materials science: Prospects for antivirus surfaces,drug delivery systems and artificial intelligence |
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| Authors: | Vinicius Rosa Dean Ho Robinson Sabino-Silva Walter L Siqueira Nikolaos Silikas |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Craniofacial Research and Innovation Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore;3. The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore;4. Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil;5. College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Canada;6. Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom;1. Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Craniofacial Research and Innovation Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore;3. The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore;4. Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil;5. College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Canada;6. Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveViruses on environmental surfaces, in saliva and other body fluids represent risk of contamination for general population and healthcare professionals. The development of vaccines and medicines is costly and time consuming. Thus, the development of novel materials and technologies to decrease viral availability, viability, infectivity, and to improve therapeutic outcomes can positively impact the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.MethodsHerein, we discuss (a) interaction mechanisms between viruses and materials, (b) novel strategies to develop materials with antiviral properties and oral antiviral delivery systems, and (c) the potential of artificial intelligence to design and optimize preventive measures and therapeutic regimen.ResultsThe mechanisms of viral adsorption on surfaces are well characterized but no major breakthrough has become clinically available. Materials with fine-tuned physical and chemical properties have the potential to compromise viral availability and stability. Emerging strategies using oral antiviral delivery systems and artificial intelligence can decrease infectivity and improve antiviral therapies.SignificanceEmerging viral infections are concerning due to risk of mortality, as well as psychological and economic impacts. Materials science emerges for the development of novel materials and technologies to diminish viral availability, infectivity, and to enable enhanced preventive and therapeutic strategies, for the safety and well-being of humankind. |
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| Keywords: | Saliva Infection Nanomaterial Vaccine Diagnostic COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Nanotechnology Coating |
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