肝门静脉的应用解剖

目的观测肝门静脉的形态特征和分支分布规律,为诊断和治疗肝脏疾病提供更为详尽的形态学资料。方法 50例肉眼观察无病变的成人肝标本,对肝门静脉分支分型等形态特征进行解剖观察,测量肝门静脉主干及其主要分支的相关数据并进行统计学分析。结果肝门静脉主干54.0%在肝实质外分叉,其分叉点距肝实质的垂直距离为(8.94±3.17)mm;34.0%紧贴肝实质分叉。左支主干长(47.44±7.23)mm;左支横部长(23.90±5.29)mm,外径为(7.43±1.09)mm,矢部长(24.02±4.97)mm,外径为(7.07±1.36)mm,角部角度为(114.18±22.59)°;右支主干长(20.63±6.59)mm,外径为(9.26±1.77)mm。依据肝门静脉的分支情况可将其分为8型。结论肝门静脉变异情况并不少见,其分叉点距肝实质的垂直距离及左、右支主干径值与分支等均存在一定的变化,在肝外科手术实施时,对肝门静脉主干分支各型应给予高度的重视。。

Applied anatomy of the hepatic portal vein

Objective　To provide morphologic data for diagnosis and treatment of the liver diseases by observation of the anatomic properties and embranchment of the hepatic portal vein.　Methods　50 adult liver specimens without visual pathological changes were used in this study. The embranchment of the hepatic portal vein were dissected and observed, as well the features of main trunk of portal vein were measured and analyzed statistically.　Results　For 54.0% specimens, the main portal vein bifurcated outside liver parenchyma, with the vertical distance from the bifurcation site to porta hepatis of（8.94±3.17）mm, however, for 34.0%specimens, bifurcation of porta hepatis was in the liver. The lengths of the left main trunk of hepatic portal vein and its pars transverse were（47.44±7.23）mm and (23.90±5.29）mm, and the external diameter of the left main trunk was about（7.43±1.09）mm respectively. The length of pars sagitalis and its external diameter were （24.02±4.97）mm and （7.07±1.36） mm respectively. The angle of the pars angularis was about（114.18±22.59）°. The length and external diameter of the right main trunk of hepatic portal vein were（20.63±6.59）mm and （9.26±1.77）mm respectively. According to the distribution features, 8 types of portal vein could be established.  Conclusions　 Hepatic portal veins are variable, especially for its distribution and bifurcation site, which should be remarked during the liver operation.