沿海社区居民超重和肥胖及中心性肥胖与高血压关系的研究

目的了解沿海社区居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖分布特征与高血压的发病关系,为探索查、防、治、管的慢病社区综合防治模式提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,从烟台市芝罘区8个社区居委会抽取320个样本居民户,按照KISH表法,每户随机抽取1名调查对象。并实行全程严格的质量控制。采用Excel建立数据库,应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析。结果社区居民超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、高血压患病率分别为40.31%、19.06%、63.13%、38.44%,标化率分别为30.13%、11.71%、46.37%、21.19%。上述病症≥40岁人群现患比重,分别占社区15～69岁居民的86.05%、90.16%、85.15%和87.37%,并且从40岁开始,这些病症现患率均呈随年龄增长而明显增长的变化趋势。离退休人员的超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖现患比重,分别占社区所有职业人群的56.92%、62.90%和57.21%。不同体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)水平年龄、血压均值比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=24.202,17.550,19.987,35.009,15.662,13.857,P=0.000)。高血压组与非高血压组的超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=3.887,P0.05;χ2=26.373、28.356、P0.01;OR=1.584,4.425,4.049)。BMI、WC与SBP和DBP呈高度线性正相关(r0.7),并能建立有统计学意义的线性回归方程。结论烟台市社区居民超重、肥胖以及中心性肥胖与高血压发病呈密切正相关,这些病症从40岁开始明显随年龄增长而增长,离退休人员属现患高峰人群,在社区实时、动态、准确地对居民BMI、WC均值进行主动监测,是综合防治高血压的重要措施之一。

Study of Relationship between Hypertension and Overweight ,Obesity and Central Obesity among Residents of Coastal Communities

Objective ] To understand the relationship between hypertension and overweight, obesity, central obesity among resi- dents of community in coastal communities, and provide scientific evidence for establishment of chronic diseases prevention and con- trol mode in community for investigation, prevention and treatment, management of ehronie diseases. Methods ] Multi-stage stratified and random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 320 households from 8 communities in Zhifu District of Yantai City. One resident was selected from each household by KISH table. Strict quality control was implemented through each process of the research. Database was founded by Microsoft Excel and all data were analyzed by using SPSS 160 software. Results]The prevalence rate and standardized rate of overweight, obesity, eentral obesity and hypertension were 40.31%, 19.06% ,63.13%, 38.44% ; 30.13%, 11.71%, 46.37%, 21.19%, respectively. The proportion of those symptoms in people over 40 years old were 86.05, 90.16%, 85.15% and 87.37% among the residents of 15 - 69 years old. The incidence of them increased distinctly with age since 40 years old. The proportion of overweight, obesity and central obesity of retired people were 56.92%, 62.90% and 57.21% of all oceupational people in community respectively. There was significant difference between the average of age and blood pressure in people with different BMI and WC （ F = 24. 202, 17. 550, 19. 987, 35. 009, 15. 662, 13. 857, P = 0. 0000 ） The differences of rates of overweight, obesity and central obesity were significantly different between hypertension group and normotensive group. （ X^2 = 3. 887, P 〈 0.05 ;X^2 = 26. 373, 28. 356, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 1. 584, 4. 425, 4.049 ） BMI, WC, SBP and DBP had linear positive correlation （ r 〉 0.7 ）, and could form significant linear regression equation. Conclusion ] The overweight, obesity and central obesity of community residents in Yantai City have a close correlation with hypertension. The above-mentioned disease symptoms increase distinctly with age since 40 years old. The incidence is higher in retired people than in others. The real-time, dynamic and accurate inspection on average BMI and WC of community residents plays important role in integrated control of hypertension.