糖化血红蛋白在诊断糖尿病中的意义——过去、现在和未来

糖尿病是一种合并多种并发症的慢性代谢疾病,是引起患者工作或生活能力丧失、甚至死亡的主要原因.目前,我国糖尿病的患病率达9.7%,患者数量位居世界前列.糖尿病一旦出现慢性并发症后,往往医疗花费巨大,而治疗效果甚微.因此,糖尿病的早期诊断、早期治疗极为重要.空腹血糖(FPG)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)是诊断糖尿病的常用方法,但是无论是检测FPG还是进行OGTT均有时间及采样要求,需要空腹或多次取血,受试者的依从性较差,限制了其在临床的广泛应用,使得相当一部分患者不能得到及时诊断.HbA1C作为评估患者长期血糖控制状况的临床指标,与糖尿病慢性并发症密切相关.由于HbA1C的检测方便、易行,不受进餐时间以及短期生活方式改变的影响,变异性小,所反映的血糖状况相对稳定,故近年有部分专业学术组织将其引入到糖尿病的诊断领域,为临床医生提高糖尿病的诊断效率提供了新的补充方法.

Abstract：

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with complications associated with long-term damage,dysfunction,and failure of various organs,and has become one of the leading causes of impairment of human health.At present,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus reaches 9.7%in China,which is considered one of the countries in the world with heavy diabetes burden.Patients with established diabetic complications will be at higher risk of poor health outcomes and with higsh healthcare costs.These realities support the critical need to identify diabetes and its precursors more efficiently and earlier.The current diagnostic criteria,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and oral glucose tolerance test(OGYT),that require fasting and multiple blood samplings,may not be acceptable to patients and may limit the clinical application so as to impede the effort to diagnose diabetes in timely fashion.HbA1C,which accurately reflects longer term glycaemia,Can be done at any time without fasting or other preparation of the patient and may not be affected by short term lifestyle changes.Given the recognized need,some panels have been considering the possible utility of HbA1C as a supplementary screening tool to make the diagnosis of diabetes efficiently.

HbA1C for diagnosing diabetes:past,present,and future

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with complications associated with long-term damage,dysfunction,and failure of various organs,and has become one of the leading causes of impairment of human health.At present,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus reaches 9.7%in China,which is considered one of the countries in the world with heavy diabetes burden.Patients with established diabetic complications will be at higher risk of poor health outcomes and with higsh healthcare costs.These realities support the critical need to identify diabetes and its precursors more efficiently and earlier.The current diagnostic criteria,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and oral glucose tolerance test(OGYT),that require fasting and multiple blood samplings,may not be acceptable to patients and may limit the clinical application so as to impede the effort to diagnose diabetes in timely fashion.HbA1C,which accurately reflects longer term glycaemia,Can be done at any time without fasting or other preparation of the patient and may not be affected by short term lifestyle changes.Given the recognized need,some panels have been considering the possible utility of HbA1C as a supplementary screening tool to make the diagnosis of diabetes efficiently.