秦皇岛港入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介昆虫情况的调查

目的]系统了解秦皇岛港入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介昆虫的情况,为制定有效的控制措施提供科学依据。方法]在检疫锚地对来自国外的入境国际航行船舶携带的输入性蚊类、蠓类和蝇类等情况进行调查研究,对采集的标本进行计数和分类鉴定,并对结果进行统计分析。结果]2000～2003年共调查1 200余艘次人境国际航行船舶,来源地涉及亚洲、美洲、大洋洲、非洲、欧洲29个国家和地区,以亚洲的韩国、日本、中国台湾、东南亚等国家和地区为主。入境国际航行船舶中携带传人性蚊类阳性率平均为56．81％(417/734),月最高达93．00％以上,已鉴定确认的蚊种达13种。携带输入性蠓类船舶阳性率高达75．86％(66/87),共8属,已鉴定的吸血蠓类为3属12种,其中狂怒库蠓、码克库蠓、细齿蠛蠓和丰硕细蠓属国外蠓种,并采获1种蠛蠓新种,命名为海神蠛蠓(Lasiohelea cymo- docea ap．nov．),上述蠓种均为国内首次发现。5～10月携带输入性蝇类的船舶阳性率平均为72．73％(426/740),月最高阳性率达95．00％,已鉴定确认的蝇种达51种。结论]调查证明了入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介昆虫的情况相当严重,具有阳性率高,种类多,风险大等特点,对此应给予高度关注。

A Study on Introduced Medical Insects Carried by Entry International Ships at Qinhuangdao Port

Objective To determine the condition of introduced medical insects carried by entry international ships at Qinhuangdao port and to put forward some evidence for effective control.Methods To collect and classify the introduced medical insects,including mosquitoes,midges and flies,on entry ships at quarantine anchorage of Qinhuangdao port.Results 1 200 entry ships were checked from 2000 to 2003,which came from 29 different countries and districts of six continents.The rate of mosquito positive ships was 56.81% (417/734).13 species of mosquitoes were identified.The rate of midge positive ships was 75.86%(66/87) and the rate of biting midges positive ships was 27.59% (24/87).12 spe- cies,3 genera of biting midges had been identified and 4 foreign biting midges,Culicides furens (Pocy),Culicoides marksi Lee et Reye,Lasio- helea tenuidentis Yu et Wirth,Lasiohelea tenuidentis Yu et Wirth and a new midge species,Lasiohelea cymodocea sp.nov.,have been collected on the international ships firstly in China.The rate of fly positive ships was 72.73%(426/740) (between May to October).There were 51 species of flies had been identified.Concluslon It is proved that the high risk of imported medical insects carried by entry international ships.This re- port is calling for attentionthe invading of foreign species of medical insectsas well as threaten it posed to our country.