医院感染现患率调查与医院感染管理

目的 通过对医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用情况调查,找出医院感染相关危险因素,提高医院感染管理水平.方法 按照北京市医院感染质控中心医院感染现患率调查要求,对2008年、2010年及2012年某日（0：00-24：00）的住院患者进行调查,以统一标准填写调查表并对资料统计分析.结果 三次共调查住院患者3 241例,实查率均为100.00%;各年现患率分别为5.93%、3.94%、2.81%;三次调查感染部位首位是呼吸系统,病原菌是铜绿假单胞菌;重症医学科感染率最高;调查当日抗菌药物使用率平均为43.72%,其中预防性用药占27.70%.结论 加强医院感染管理,持续开展教育培训,重点预防与控制呼吸系统感染和铜绿假单胞菌等革兰阴性菌感染,对感染高发科室重点监控,合理使用抗菌药物,可降低医院感染率.

Survey on prevalence of nosocomial infection and management of nosocomial infection.

Objective In order to find out the risk factors causing nosocomial infection and to enhance the management level, a preva lence survey had been carried out for study on the situation of nosocomial infection and application of antibiotics during the period of 2008 to 2012. Methods According to the demands of Centre for Quality Control of Nosocomial Infection in Beijing by using unified questionnaire to survey inpa tients on certain day（0：00 - 24：00）in 2008, 2010 and 2012, and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 3 241 inpatients had been stud ied ,the reality check rate was 100% ; the prevalence rates of three years were 5.93%, 3.94% and 2.81%, respectively. The major infection site was lower respiratory tract , and the pathogenic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the infection rate in ICU was higher than that of other de partments ; the average rate of application of antimicrobial agents was 43.72% on the survey day, and prophylactic therapy accounted for 27.70%. Conclusion The survey is helpful in decreasing hospital infection rate and strengthen the management level of nosocomial infection. The focus of ongoing education should be put on prevention and control of respiratory infections and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa arid Gram negative bacterial infections, and monitoring the departments with high incidence of infection and rational application of antibiotics.