迁移行为对老人健康效应的实证研究——基于PSM方法

目的了解迁移行为对流动老人与户籍老人健康的影响,为老人健康促进和健康水平改善提供政策参考依据。方法基于倾向评分匹配方法,利用2015年流动老人医疗卫生服务专题调查数据,以自评健康为结局变量,构建多元有序logistic回归模型,分析迁移行为对老人自评健康的效应。结果流动老人健康体检、慢性病和住院需要比例比户籍老人更低,自评为健康的比例仅为4.40%,其自评健康状况在不同人口学特征、社会资本、健康行为、疾病和卫生服务利用、流动特征等方面与户籍老人均有差异。回归分析结果显示:照顾孙辈、治病/养老、未受教育、劳动收入、离退休金/养老金和住院服务需要对老人自评健康有负向影响。结论流动老人自评健康比户籍老人更加消极,迁移行为是主要障碍因素。基本医疗卫生服务利用不足对流动老人自评健康有负向影响。

Empirical Study on the Health Effects of Migration on the Elderly--Based on the PSM Method

Objective: To understand the effect of migration on the health of floating elderly and registered old man, and to provide policy reference for the health promotion and improvement of the health level of the elderly. Methods: Based on the propensity score matching method, the data from the 2015 thematic survey on health care services for the floating elderly, self-rated health was used as outcome variable, and construct a multiple logistic regression model to analyze the influence of migration behavior on self-rated health of the elderly. Results: The physical examination, chronic disease and hospitalization needs of the floating elderly were lower than those of the registered permanent residents, and the rate of self-rated as health was only 4.40% , the self-rated health status was different from that of the old people in different demography characteristics, social capital, health behavior, disease and health service utilization, flow characteristics. The results of regression analysis showed that caring for grandchildren, treating illness/providing for the aged, being uneducated, working income, retirement fund/pension and hospitalization services had negative effects on the self-rated health of the elderly. Conclusions: The self-rated health of floating elderly is more negative than that of registered old people, and migration behavior is the main obstacle. Underutilization of basic medical and health services has a negative impact on self-rated health of floating elderly.