2010年广东省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况调查

目的]了解广东省2010年农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况,为政府决策提供科学依据。方法]对广东省2000年后建成的农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况进行调查。分别在枯水期和丰水期对工程出厂水和末梢水进行水样采集、检测和分析。结果]在调查的843个饮水工程中,日供水量在100t以下的工程占12.57%,3 000t以上的工程62个,占7.35%;具备完全水处理工艺的工程占17.79%,15.78%工程的出厂水未进行任何处理,无消毒设备的工程占80.43%,78.17%的工程未对水质进行消毒或有效消毒;枯水期和丰水期水质合格率分别为58.05%和69.18%。全省农村水质单指标合格率较低的前3项分别是总大肠菌群、菌落总数、pH值,其枯、丰水期水质合格率分别为67.22%、91.84%、93.45%和78.40%、94.83%、94.18%。结论]广东省农村饮水安全工程规模小,普遍缺乏水质净化与消毒设施,水质合格率较低,微生物污染较为严重,存在饮水安全隐患。

Survey on Drinking Water Hygienic Status for Centralized Drinking Water Supply Projects in Rural Areas, Guangdong Province,2010

Objective]To investigate the hygienic status of drinking water produced by safe drinking water projects in rural areas of Guangdong province,so as to provide scientific basis for making decisions by government. Methods]A survey of water hygienic status was conducted in the safe drinking water projects constructed after 2000 in Guanddong prov- ince. The water samples were collected from waterworks and tap water in dry season （March） and rainy season （July to August） , respectively, and evaluated for aesthetic, microbiologic and chemical indexes. Results] A total of 843 drinking water projects were surveyed. 12.57% had a daily output under 100 tons, and only 7.35% had an output over 3 000 tons. Only 17.79 % adopted comprehensive water treatment process（i, e. coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection） ,whereas 15.78% did not provide any treatment. Up to 80.43% had no disinfection equipment and 78.17% failed to provide effective disinfection. 58.05% and 69.18% of water samples tested up to the standard respectively in the dry sea- son and rainy season. The three lowest qualified rates for rural water single indicator were fecal coliforms,bacterial count andPH value,with a rate of 67.22% （939/1 397） , 91. 84% （1 283/1 397）,93.45%（1326/1419）and 78.40% （1198/ 1528） ,94.83% （1 449/1 528）,94.18% （1 439/1 528）in dry season and rainy season,respectively. Conclusion]The inadequate supply of safe water,absence of water treatment facilities and poor drinking water quality have represented a poten- tial health risk in Guangdong rural areas.