Baseline characteristics and recruitment strategies in a randomized clinical trial of African-American light smokers |
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Authors: | Okuyemi Kolawole S Cox Lisa Sanderson Nollen Nicole L Snow Tricia M Kaur Harsohena Choi Won Nazir Niaman Mayo Matthew S Ahluwalia Jasjit S |
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Institution: | Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu |
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Abstract: | PURPOSE: This study describes the design, recruitment, and baseline data of the first smoking-cessation clinical trial for African-American light smokers, Kick It at Swope II (KIS-II). DESIGN: KIS-II was a randomized trial testing the efficacy of nicotine gum (vs. placebo gum) in combination with counseling (motivational interviewing or health education). SETTING: This study was conducted at an urban community-based clinic serving predominantly lower-income African-Americans. SUBJECTS: African-Americans who smoked 1 to 10 cigarettes per day were eligible. Of 1933 individuals screened, 1012 (52%) were eligible and 755 (75%) were enrolled in the study. MEASURES: Baseline assessment included smoking history and psychometric measures. ANALYSIS: The majority of participants were women (67%) with a mean age of 45.1 years (SD = 10.7). Participants smoked on average 7.6 cigarettes (SD = 3.21) per day, had a mean exhaled carbon monoxide level of 13.9 ppm (SD = 8.9) and a mean serum cotinine level of 244.2 ng/mL (SD = 154.4), and reported high levels of motivation and confidence to quit smoking. CONCLUSION: African-American light smokers were motivated to stop smoking and to enroll in a smoking-cessation program. Characteristics of our sample suggest African-American light smokers are an appropriate group for inclusion in smoking-cessation interventions. |
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