西洋参茎叶总皂苷对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌VEGF、bFGF表达及血管新生的影响

目的观察西洋参茎叶总皂苷（Panax quinquefolius Saponin，PQS）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）大鼠缺血心肌血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）表达及梗死区血管新生的作用。方法选雄性Wistar大鼠，成功制作AMI大鼠模型50只，随机分为PQS大、中、小剂量组，倍他乐克组及模型组，同时建立假手术组及正常组，每组10只。药物治疗组分别给予PQS水溶液[54mg／（kg·d），27mg／（kg·d），13．5mg／（kg·d）]及倍他乐克水溶液[4．5mg／（kg·d）]每天1次灌胃，其他3组给予等量蒸馏水每天1次灌胃，连续用药14天。术后第15天处死大鼠，每组选取6只心脏标本，应用免疫组化法，光镜下观察大鼠心肌细胞VEGF、bFGF及Ⅷ因子表达情况；应用图像分析系统定量分析VEGF及bFGF阳性反应强度，计算平均微血管密度（MMVD）。结果PQS大、中剂量组心肌细胞VEGF表达较模型组明显增强（P〈0．05）；PQS大、中、小剂量组心肌细胞bFGF表达比模型组明显增强（P〈0．05）；PQS大、中剂量组MMVD明显高于模型组（P〈0．05）。结论PQS可增强急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞VEGF、bFGF的表达，促进梗死及缺血区血管新生，发挥保护心肌的缺血性损伤作用。

Effect of Panax quinquefolius Saponin on Angiogenesis and Expressions of VEGF and bFGF in Myocardium of Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Panax quinquefolius Saponin (PQS), an extraction from stem and leaf of American ginseng, on vascular regeneration in infarcted area, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were established into AMI model successfully and randomly divided into 5 groups equally, i.e. the model group, the high, middle and low dose PQS groups and the metoprolol group. They were treated with saline, different doses of PQS (54 mg/kg x d, 27 mg/kg x d, 13.5 mg/kg x d)and metoprolol (4.5 mg/kg x d) respectively, by gavage once a day for 14 days. Besides, a sham operated group and a normal control group were set up for control with 10 rats in each group. All rats were killed on the 15th day. Six samples of heart were chosen from each group for examining expressions of VEGF, bFGF and the VIII coagulation factor under light microscopy by immunohistochemical staining, and the quantitative analysis on positive responsive intensity of VEGF and bFGF was conducted on the other 4 heart samples using the image analysing system, then mean micro-vessel density (MMVD) was calculated. RESULTS: The expressions of VEGF and MMVD were higher in the high and the middle dose PQS groups than those in the model group (P < 0.05) and the expression of bFGF was higher in the three PQS groups than that in the model group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PQS can protect myocardium from ischemic injury in rats after AMI by way of promoting angiogenesis in the infarcted or ischemic area of myocardium and up-regulating expressions of VEGF and bFGF in myocardial cells.