La parturition de Lucy,chemin vers l’extinction ? |
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| Authors: | G Chene A-S Tardieu B Trombert T Raia-Barjat A Amouzougan H Patural P Seffert Y Coppens |
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| Institution: | 1. Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. St. Elizabeth''s Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA;4. Section of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany;5. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;6. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;7. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;8. University of Maryland Child and Adolescent Mental Health Innovations Center, Baltimore, MD, USA;9. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;10. Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany;11. VA Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo compare pelvic cavities in australopithecines, modern humans and non-hominid primates in order to discuss the obstetrical mechanisms in australopithecinesMaterial and methodsBony pelves from fossil material (Australopithecus afarensis AL 288-1, Australopithecus africanus Sts14, Australopithecus Stw 431 and Mh2), 133 modern humans (82 adult females and 51 adult males) and 67 anthropoid primates (36 gorilla, 26 Pan troglodytes, 5 Pongo pygmaeus) were reconstructed and compared (shape and morphometric analysis) using 16 pelvimetric mesasurements.ResultsPelves of australopithecines were characterized by lower anteroposterior (AP) and transverse (TRV) diameters in inlet pelvis than in other species. Index (AP/TRV) of pelvic inlet, midpelvis and pelvic outlet in the australopithecines were the lowest (< 100) and the pelvic shape was platypelloid. A logarithmic factorial analysis showed that the pelvic morphology of australopithecines was different from humans and non-hominid primates but nearer the humans.Discussion and conclusionIn contrast with apes where obstetrical mechanics seem to be easier, and because of platypelloidy, mechanism of birth in australopithecines was as difficult as in modern homo sapiens. Birth without cesarean was probably possible in an asynclitic TRV orientation. |
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| Keywords: | Pelvis Anthropology Evolution Obstetrics |
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