Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights |
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| Authors: | J. Aron-Wisnewsky B. Gaborit A. Dutour K. Clement |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Cardio-metabolism and Nutrition, APHP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine – Ile de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;2. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France;3. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France;4. UMR1062, INSERM, ‘Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis’, Marseille, France;5. UMR1260, INRA, Marseille, France;6. Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France |
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| Abstract: | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its related insulin-resistance state. A ‘two-hit’ mechanism has been proposed; however, the complete physiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in energy storage and the subsequent development of obesity and some of its related diseases is now well established. More recently, a new role of gut microbiota has emerged in NAFLD. The gut microbiota is involved in gut permeability, low-grade inflammation and immune balance, it modulates dietary choline metabolism, regulates bile acid metabolism and produces endogenous ethanol. All of these factors are molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can induce NAFLD or its progression toward overt non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. |
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| Keywords: | hepatic steatosis microbiota non alcoholic fatty liver disease obesity steatohepatitis |
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