Management of restless legs and periodic movements of sleep

INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep are frequently observed, often in association. Misdiagnosis of these two conditions is common. STATE OF ART: Physical examination can provide the diagnosis of restless legs syndrome but polysomnography recording must be performed to confirm the presence of periodic leg movements. Dopaminergic pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of these two syndromes and the same treatment is given: dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids and/or antiepileptic drugs. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION: Treatment provides an improvement in quality-of-life for these patients.