亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中的临床诊治

目的探讨亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的130例亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中患者的临床资料。所有患者术前、术后均行内分泌激素及头颅CT和(或)MRI检查。结果经蝶入路手术89例,开颅手术41例,无手术死亡。泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤最多见(56．2％)。绝大多数为大或巨大垂体腺瘤(97％)。可能的诱发因素为高血压(6％)和糖尿病(4％)。术后随访时间平均为3．2年,肿瘤复发8例。术后12例放疗(4例残留,8例复发)。术后需要长期应用甲状腺激素、皮质类固醇激素及抗利尿激素进行替代治疗者分别为25％、20％和1％。结论亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中发生率较高。PRL腺瘤在亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中中最多见。MRI是亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中首选的检查方法。经蝶入路手术是治疗亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中安全有效的方法。亚临床垂体腺瘤卒中内分泌激素替代治疗率低,预后较好,术后放疗仅适用于肿瘤残留或复发者。

The diagnosis and therapy of subclinical pituitary adenoma apoplexy

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in patients with subclinical pituitary adenoma apoplexy ( SPAA ). Methods A retrospective analysis of all operated patients with SPAA was performed. There were 50 male and 80 female patients, ranging from 16 to 65 years ( average 39 years ). Endocrinological hormones were measured in all patients pre- and post-operatively, and pituitary imaging was obtained by CT scan, MRI or both. Results Transsphenoidal surgery was achieved in 89 patients, and transcranial surgery was achieved in 41 patients.There was no operative mortality. PRL adenomas were the most common tumor type (56.2%). SPAA usually occurred in patients with big or giant adenomas (97%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the possible predisposing factors. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 6 years (mean 3.2 years). Tumor recurrence happened in 8 patients. Only 12 patients required radiotherapy with tumor residual (4 cases ) and recurrence (8 cases) after surgery. Long-term thyroid or steroid hormone replacement was necessary in 25% and 20% of patients, respectively, and long-term desmopressin therapy was necessary in 1% of patients. Conclusions The incidence of SPAA was higher than acute pituitary apoplexy. PRL adenomas are the most common tumor type. MRI is the best investigative modality of choice. Transsphenoidal surgery is a safe and effective method. The rate of long-term endocrinological hormones replacement therapy of SPAA is lower than acute pituitary apoplexy, and the prognosis of SPAA is better than acute pituitary apoplexy. Radiotherapy is indicated if the tumor residual or recurrence are confirmed by CT or MRI after surgery.