小儿烧伤的流行病学分析

对近5a收治的886例15岁以下小儿烧伤患者的年龄，性别，烧伤原因，面积，部位，地点，发病季节，转归等流行病学资料进行统计分析。结果：小儿烧伤5岁以下儿童占86．8％，男性占62％，女性占38％，冬春季发病率52％，夏秋季48％，热液和火焰为主要致伤原因（94．5％），家庭内损伤占91％，四肢和躯干为好发部位，烧伤面积在30％以下占91．3％，死亡率0．5％，烧伤面积在30％以上死亡率14．5％，火焰烧伤死亡率高于热液烫伤（P＜0．05），多脏器衰竭，全身感染和休克是主要死亡原因，结论：小儿烧伤，重在预防。

The Epidemiological Analysis in 886 Pediatric Burns

A retrospective epidemiological study of the patients under the age of 15 hospitalized in the Burn Research Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1998 was made . The data included age, gender, causes of burn, %TBSA, location of burn, season of the year and mortality of the 886 children. The results showed that males were 62% and female 38% ; 52% of all occurred in the winter and spring, 48% in summer and the autumn; hot liquids and flame were the main causes of injury(94.5%), most of children(91%) sustained their accidents in the home, upper and lower extremities and trunk were frequently involved. 809 children(91.3%) had burns under 30% of the total body surface area(TBSA). 4 of these children died, a mortality of 0.5%. 77 children sustained burns with more than 30% of TBSA, 11 died, a mortality of 14.3%. The mortality rate of flame injuries was significantly higher than that of scald of hot liquids(4.8% v 1.4%, P<0.05). The causes of death were mainly attributed to multiple organ failure, severe infections and hypovolemic shock. Conclusion:The prevention of pediatric burns should be emphasized.