高海拔校区与低海拔校区大学生心理和睡眠状况比较

目的 比较某高校不同海拔校区在校大学生的心理及睡眠状况,探索高海拔对心理和睡眠状况的影响。方法分别对高海拔校区（西宁,海拔2 260 m）的2 485名和低海拔校区（成都,海拔500 m）的802名大学生进行调查。调查工具包括一般情况调查表,以及焦虑自评量表（SAS）、贝克抑郁自评量表（BDI）、中国大五人格问卷极简版（CBF-PI-15）、失眠严重程度指数（ISI）、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表（ESS）、清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项（MEQ-5）。结果总体而言,大学生存在焦虑（28.2%）、抑郁（55.4%）、失眠（42.8%）、日间嗜睡（25.1%）等症状的比例较高。高海拔校区大学生日间嗜睡症状（27.0% vs 19.0%,P<0.05）发生率较低海拔校区高,抑郁症状（53.0% vs 62.7%,P<0.05）及失眠症状（40.3% vs 50.6%,P<0.05）发生率较低海拔校区低。两校区大学生焦虑症状、昼夜节律类型的发生率的差异没有统计学意义（焦虑：27.7% vs 29.8%;清晨型：19.3% vs 20.7%;夜晚型：9.5% vs 11.6%,均P>0.05）。高海拔校区是大学生日间嗜睡症状发生的危险因素（OR=1.663,95%CI 1.350~2.048,P<0.01）,抑郁和失眠症状发生的保护因素（抑郁OR=0.792,95%CI 0.666~0.943;失眠OR=0.787,95%CI 0.664~0.932,P均<0.01）。结论焦虑、抑郁、失眠、日间嗜睡等症状在不同海拔校区大学生中普遍存在。高海拔校区大学生的日间嗜睡症状多见,抑郁及失眠症状少见。与低海拔校区（成都）相比,高海拔校区（西宁）增加大学生的日间嗜睡症状发生风险,减少抑郁和失眠症状发生风险。

Comparison of psychological and sleep status of college students in high-altitude campus and low-altitude campus

Objective To compare the psychological and sleep status of college students in different altitude campuses, and investigate the impact of high-altitude on college students′ psychological and sleep status. Methods We surveyed 2 485 college students in high-altitude campus (Xining,altitude of 2 260 m) and 802 college students inlow-altitude campus (Chengdu,altitude of 500 m) of a university using general information questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Beck depression inventory (BDI), Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15), Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5). Results In general, a considerable proportion of college students had anxiety (28.2%), depression (55.4%), insomnia (42.8%), and daytime sleepiness symptoms (25.1%). Compared with low-altitude campus, college students in high-altitude had significantly higher incidence of daytime sleepiness (27.0% vs. 19.0%, P<0.05), and lower incidences of depression (53.0% vs. 62.7%, P<0.05) and insomnia symptoms (40.3% vs. 50.6%, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of anxiety symptoms or circadian rhythm types among college students between the two campuses (anxiety: 27.7% vs. 29.8%; morningness: 19.3% vs. 20.7%; eveningness: 9.5% vs. 11.6%; all P>0.05). The high-altitude campus was a risk factor for daytime sleepiness symptom (OR=1.663, 95%CI 1.350-2.048, P<0.01), and a protective factor for depression and insomnia symptoms (depression OR=0.792, 95%CI 0.666-0.943; insomnia OR=0.787, 95%CI 0.664-0.932, both P<0.01). Conclusion Anxiety, depression, insomnia and daytime sleepiness symptoms are common among college students in different altitude campuses. Among college students in high-altitude campus,daytime sleepiness was prevalent while depression and insomnia symptoms were rare.Compared with low-altitude campus (Chengdu), high-altitude campus (Xining) increases the risk of daytime sleepiness symptom, while reduces the risk of depression and insomnia symptoms.