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Cephalometric risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea |
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| Authors: | Mohamad Bayat Mahsa Shariati Vahid Rakhshan Mohsen Abbasi Ali Fateh Farhad Sobouti |
| Affiliation: | 1. Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Research Council, Iranian Center for Tissue Engineering and Graft Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;5. Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Previous studies on risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly controversial and mostly identifying a few cephalometric risk factors. Methods: OSA diagnosis was made according to the patients’ apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Included were 74 OSA patients (AHI > 10) and 52 control subjects (AHI ≤ 10 + free of other OSA symptoms). In both groups, 18 cephalometric parameters were traced (SNA, SNB, ANB, the soft palate’s length (PNS-P), inferior airway space, the distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid (MP-H), lengths of mandible (Go-Gn) and maxilla (PNS-ANS), vertical height of airway (VAL), vertical height of the posterior maxilla (S-PNS), superior posterior airway space (SPAS), middle airway space, distances from hyoid to third cervical vertebra and retrognathion (HH1), C3 (C3H), and RGN (HRGN), the maximum thickness of soft palate (MPT), tongue length (TGL), and the maximum height of tongue). These parameters were compared using t-test. Results: Significant variables were SPAS (p = 0.027), MPT, TGL, HH1, C3H, HRGN, PNS-P, S-PNS, MP-H, VAL, and Go-Gn (all p values ≤ 0.006). Conclusion: OSA patients exhibited thicker and longer soft palates, hyoid bones more distant from the vertebrae, retrognathion, and mandibular plane, higher posterior maxillae, longer mandibles, and smaller superior-posterior airways. |
| Keywords: | Obstructive sleep apnea orthodontics maxillofacial surgery cephalometric analysis |