Efferent innervation of the larynx in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica L

The motoneurons innervating the larynx of the pigeon were localized with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-method (Mesulam 1978). After injection of HRP into the laryngeal muscles the exact position of the Nucleus ambiguous could be determined, which lays in the region of 600 micron rostral to 1,000 micron caudal of the obex.